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		<title>Categories</title>
		<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/category/31/tin-cộng-đồng</link>
		<description>Tin cộng đồng</description>
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			<title>DOHAMIDE VÀ DOROHIÊM</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2693/dohamide-và-dorohiêm/</link>
			<description>DOHAMIDE V</description>
			<content:encoded>DOHAMIDE V</content:encoded>
			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2693/dohamide-và-dorohiêm/</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 10 Nov 2021 14:28:33 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>prancham</dc:creator>
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			<title>Ra m?t Cham Dictionary -2 (Vi?t - Cham - Anh)</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2574/ra-m-t-cham-dictionary-2-vi-t-cham-anh/</link>
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&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 1.71429rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.8; color: #444444; font-family: &#039;Droid Serif&#039;, Arial, Verdana;&quot;&gt;Hatian ranam,&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 1.71429rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.8; color: #444444; font-family: &#039;Droid Serif&#039;, Arial, Verdana;&quot;&gt;Nh? v?y l]]></content:encoded>
			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2574/ra-m-t-cham-dictionary-2-vi-t-cham-anh/</guid>
			<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2021 21:13:33 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>Kaka</dc:creator>
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			<title>Kadhar</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2507/kadhar/</link>
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Kadhar l&agrave; ch?c s?c t&iacute;n ng??ng d&acirc;n gian quan tr?ng trong ??i s?ng t&acirc;m linh Ch?m, nhi?m v? ch&iacute;nh c?a h? th?ng ch?c s?c n&agrave;y l&agrave; h&aacute;t c&aacute;c b&agrave;i th&aacute;nh ca ca ng?i c&ocirc;ng ??c c&aacute;c v? th?n trong c&aacute;c l? nghi tr&ecirc;n ??n th&aacute;p (ngap yang bimong), c&aacute;c l? c&uacute;ng c?a d&ograve;ng t?c nh? Puix &ndash; Payak, l? Rija thrua v&agrave; nghi l? nh?p Kut c?a ng??i Ch?m Ahi&eacute;r. Di s?n &acirc;m nh?c Kadhar l&agrave; t?ng h&ograve;a nh?ng b&aacute;i h&aacute;t l? ?i k&egrave;m v?i lo?i nhac c? ??c tr?ng l&agrave; ?&agrave;n kanyi t?o th&agrave;nh m?t lo?i h&igrave;nh ngh? thu?t nghi l? mang t&iacute;nh ??c tr?ng v&agrave; v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng ??c ?&aacute;o, gi? vai tr&ograve; n?i b?t trong n?n ngh? thu?t ca m&uacute;a nh?c Ch?m n&oacute;i chung.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Tuy v?y, trong b?i c?nh hi?n ??i h&oacute;a hi?n nay, c?ng nh? nhi?u di s?n &acirc;m nh?c truy?n th?ng kh&aacute;c, di s?n &acirc;m nh?c Kadhar c?ng ??ng tr??c nh?ng th&aacute;ch th?c, nhi?u b&agrave;i h&aacute;t b? c?t g?n, tam sao th?t b?, nhi?u b&agrave;i &iacute;t khi s? d?ng d?n d?n mai m?t, l?c l??ng ch?c kadhar thi?u m?t th? h? ti?p n?i ch?t l??ng&hellip; nh?ng ?i?u ?&oacute; ??a di s?n n&agrave;y v&agrave;o nguy c? b? mai m?t.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; th?, ???c s? h? tr? c?a H?i ??ng Anh Vi?t Nam, m?t nh&oacute;m c&aacute;c b?n tr? Ch?m ?&atilde; th?c hi?n c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c th?ng k&ecirc;, s?u t?m m?t to&agrave;n di?n danh m?c, n?i dung v&agrave; hi?n tr?ng th?c h&agrave;nh c&aacute;c b&agrave;i h&aacute;t l? trong ??i s?ng Ch?m ???ng ??i. M?c ti&ecirc;u c?a d? &aacute;n l&agrave; t?o ra m?t b? s?u t?p c&aacute;c file ghi h&igrave;nh c&aacute;c ch?c s?c th? hi?n c&aacute;c b&agrave;i h&aacute;t l? t?o ra s?n ph?m l&agrave; c&aacute;c ??a DVD ho?c c&aacute;c video c&ocirc;ng b? tr&ecirc;n internet ?? chia s? ??n m?i th&agrave;nh ph?n trong x&atilde; h?i t? ch&iacute;nh trong c?ng ??ng Ch?m v&agrave; k? c? c?ng ??ng b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; text-align: justify;&quot; src=&quot;https://nguoicham.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/file/attachment/2020/04/92a70dde9d8c19345fe6635075a06ac1_view.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;858&quot; height=&quot;483&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;H&igrave;nh 1: Nh&oacute;m nghi&ecirc;n c?u ?ang ph?ng v?n Kadhar Th&agrave;nh V?n L?y trong ch??ng tr&igrave;nh d? &aacute;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D? &aacute;n ???c tri?n khai t? th&aacute;ng 3 n?m 2019 v&agrave; d? ki?n ho&agrave;n th&agrave;nh v&agrave;o th&aacute;ng 12 n?m 2019, k?t qu? c?a d? &aacute;n s? cho ra nh?ng video tr&igrave;nh di?n c&aacute;c b&agrave;i h&aacute;t l? c?a ch?c s?c Kadhar, ??ng th?i th?c hi?n c&aacute;c b? phim t? li?u v? lo?i h&igrave;nh ngh? thu?t n&agrave;y, t?t c? c&aacute;c s?n ph?m n&agrave;y s? ???c chia s? m?t c&aacute;ch r?ng r?i ??n c?ng ??ng. Nh&oacute;m th?c hi?n d? &aacute;n bao g?m 3 th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; ??ng Th&agrave;nh Danh, Th?p H?ng Luy?n (Trung t&acirc;m Nghi&ecirc;n c?u V?n h&oacute;a Ch?m) v&agrave; H&aacute;n D??ng H?i ??ng (nghi&ecirc;n c?u t? do).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display: block;&quot; src=&quot;https://nguoicham.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/file/attachment/2020/04/be0bd02554c798b50ab7b33e5204d4f5_view.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;859&quot; height=&quot;473&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;H&igrave;nh 2: Ch?c s?c Kadhar ?ang tham gia h&aacute;t l? trong ch??ng tr&igrave;nh s?u t?m c?a d? &aacute;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: left;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &#039;Lucida Grande&#039;, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0px;&quot;&gt;??NG TH&Agrave;NH DANH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2507/kadhar/</guid>
			<pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2020 23:01:29 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>Kaka</dc:creator>
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			<title>Kate 2019 cÃ³ gÃ¬ láº¡</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2485/kate-2019-cã³-gã¬-láº¡/</link>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;L? h?i Kate s?p t?i c?a ??ng b&agrave;o Ch?m B&igrave;nh Thu?n ???c UBND t?nh ra v?n b?n cho ngh? 03 ng&agrave;y l&agrave; m?t quy?t ??nh g&acirc;y ph?n kh?i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;newline&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Tuy v?y, ??i v?i ??ng b&agrave;o Ch?m ? t?nh Ninh Thu?n v?n c&ograve;n ph?i tr&ocirc;ng ng&oacute;ng m?t v?n b?n t??ng t? nh? v?y c?a UBND t?nh Ninh Thu?n.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;C&oacute; m?t ?i?u tr? tr&ecirc;u l&agrave;, l? h?i Kate c?a ??ng b&agrave;o Ch?m t?nh B&igrave;nh Thu?n, m?c d&ugrave; ch?a ???c ch?ng nh?n l&agrave; Di s?n v?n h&oacute;a phi v?t th? qu?c gia nh? l? h?i Kate c?a ??ng b&agrave;o Ch?m Ninh Thu?n, song l?i ???c ngh? &quot;T?t&quot; tr??c.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;C&oacute; m?t sai s&oacute;t nh?, c?n s?a ch?a, kh?c ph?c trong c&aacute;c n?m sau trong v?n b?n cho ngh? 03 ng&agrave;y trong l? h?i Kate c?a UBND t?nh B&igrave;nh Thu?n, ?&oacute; l&agrave; vi?c g?i Kate l&agrave; t?t.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Nhi?u nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u uy t&iacute;n trong v&agrave; ngo&agrave;i n??c, k? c? c&aacute; nh&acirc;n t&ocirc;i c?ng ?&atilde; c&oacute; b&agrave;i vi?t khoa h?c, tr? l?i ph?ng v?n b&aacute;o ch&iacute; v? l? h?i Kate, kh?ng ??nh Kate kh&ocirc;ng ph?i l&agrave; T?t, m&agrave; Kate l&agrave; m?t l? h?i l?n gi?a n?m theo Ch?m l?ch. Kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; T?t n&agrave;o l?i ch? ??n gi?a n?m m?i t? ch?c c?.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Nh?ng c? quan n&agrave;o tham m?u nh? v?n b?n m&agrave; &ocirc;ng L&ecirc; Tu?n Phong k&yacute; n&ecirc;n r&uacute;t kinh nghi?m cho c&aacute;c n?m ti?p theo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Cao h?n, xin ???c l?u &yacute; ??n ?y ban D&acirc;n t?c, H?i ??ng d&acirc;n t?c c?a Qu?c h?i, Ban T&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o Ch&iacute;nh ph?, B? V?n h&oacute;a, Th? thao v&agrave; Du l?ch, H?i ??ng Ch?c s?c Ch?m B&agrave; La M&ocirc;n c?n th?ng nh?t v&agrave; tr&igrave;nh Th? t??ng Ch&iacute;nh ph? ph&ecirc; duy?t ng&agrave;y ngh? l? h?i Kate, l? h?i Rija Nagar cho c?ng ??ng Ch?m tr&ecirc;n to&agrave;n qu?c, ch? kh&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n ?? t&igrave;nh tr?ng t?nh th&igrave; cho ngh?, t?nh l?i kh&ocirc;ng nh? hi?n nay.&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;???c bi?t, m?i quy tr&igrave;nh cho l? tr&igrave;nh ?em L? h?i Kate v&agrave;o Di s?n v?n h&oacute;a phi v?t th? nh&acirc;n lo?i ?ang ???c x&uacute;c ti?n, hy v?ng c&aacute;c B?, ng&agrave;nh n&ecirc;n kh?n tr??ng ch?nh s?a, b? sung th&ecirc;m, ch&uacute;ng ta ch? c?n ??nh danh &quot;L? h?i Kate c?a ng??i Ch?m&quot; l&agrave; tr?n v?n, ?? ??y v&agrave; ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c nh?t.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Qua ?&acirc;y, c&aacute; nh&acirc;n t&ocirc;i ph&ecirc; b&igrave;nh c&aacute;ch l&agrave;m vi?c trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh ch?ng nh?n L? h?i Kate l&agrave; Di s?n phi v?t th? qu?c gia c?a B? V?n h&oacute;a, Th? thao v&agrave; Du l?ch. Vi?c B? ch?ng nh?n nh? v?y, v&ocirc; h&igrave;nh trung, ???c hi?u l&agrave; c&oacute; s? ph&acirc;n bi?t l? h?i Kate gi?a hai t?nh Ninh Thu?n v&agrave; B&igrave;nh Thu?n. Th?m ch&iacute;, d? lu?n c&ograve;n ???c ph&eacute;p suy ngh? r?ng: ph?i ch?ng c&oacute; hai lo?i l? h?i Kate c?a ng??i Ch?m, trong khi, ch? c&oacute; m?t danh x?ng cho ??ng b&agrave;o Ch?m, c?ng nh? ch? t?n t?i duy nh?t m?t &yacute; ngh?a chung cho l? h?i Kate m&agrave; th&ocirc;i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;N&ecirc;n n&oacute;i l?i cho r&otilde;, ph&agrave;m l&agrave;m vi?c g&igrave; c?ng v?y, c?n ph?i hi?u bi?t s&acirc;u s?c, r?ng l?n c&ocirc;ng vi?c m&igrave;nh l&agrave;m, d&ugrave; l&agrave; ai, ? b?t c? c??ng v? n&agrave;o, vi?c n?m ???c t&acirc;m t?, nguy?n v?ng c?a c&aacute;c t?ng l?p, th&agrave;nh ph?n ng??i d&acirc;n, tri?n khai h&agrave;i h&ograve;a, b?o to&agrave;n nguy&ecirc;n v?n c&aacute;c gi&aacute; tr? c?t l&otilde;i d&acirc;n t?c, m?i th?ng nh?t ???c s? ?a d?ng v?n h&oacute;a v&agrave;o trong m?t b?c tranh t?ng th? r?c r? m&agrave;u s?c, mu&ocirc;n v&agrave;n h??ng hoa tinh t&uacute;y Vi?t Nam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;??ng Chu&ocirc;ng T?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Ngu?n: Facebook&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2485/kate-2019-cã³-gã¬-láº¡/</guid>
			<pubDate>Tue, 10 Sep 2019 15:00:29 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>Kaka</dc:creator>
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			<title>NGUá»’N Gá»C Cá»¦A Má»˜T Sá» Äá»ŠA DANH THUá»˜C NINH THUáº¬N VÃ€ BÃŒNH THUáº¬N 1</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2484/nguá»’n-gá»c-cá»¦a-má»˜t-sá»-äá»ša-danh-thuá»˜c-ninh-thuáº¬n-vã€-bãœnh-t/</link>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Thi?u n? Ch?m - circa 1950&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;NGU?N G?C C?A M?T S? ??A DANH THU?C NINH THU?N V&Agrave; B&Igrave;NH THU?N 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;(Ch? V? T&acirc;n)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;/PF.Base/file/attachment/2019/09/5d0172a3ee4e98c18dff8163b71c8954_view.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;616&quot; height=&quot;783&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C&Agrave; N&Aacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Tr??c ?&acirc;y c?ng nh? hi?n nay, C&agrave; N&aacute; l&agrave; m?t ??a ?i?m du l?ch c?a c?c nam Trung b?, n?i ti?ng v? c?nh ??p n&uacute;i bi?n &ocirc;m s&aacute;t nhau. C&agrave; N&aacute; c&ograve;n l&agrave; v&ugrave;ng c&oacute; nh?ng c&acirc;y mai v&agrave;ng n?m c&aacute;nh r?t ??p. M?i ?? xu&acirc;n v?, to&agrave;n ??i n&uacute;i khu v?c n&agrave;y r?c l&ecirc;n m?t m&agrave;u v&agrave;ng nh?t t?a nh? m?t b?c tranh huy?n ?o&hellip;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;C&aacute;ch bi?n m?t c&acirc;y s? v? h??ng T&acirc;y, t?a l?c m?t l&agrave;ng Ch?m &ndash; l&agrave;ng Rabha Ralauw &ndash; nay kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;text_exposed_show&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #666666; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;n?a. Ph&iacute;a tr&ecirc;n n?a c&oacute; con su?i n??c r?t trong, ch?y r&oacute;c r&aacute;ch quanh n?m; tr??c kia ng??i d&acirc;n ??a ph??ng g?i l&agrave; Su?i Ti&ecirc;n, ng&agrave;y nay ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; Su?i V?nh H?o&hellip;&lt;br /&gt;L&uacute;c b?y gi?, t? &ldquo;Qu?c l? s? 1&Prime; (ng&agrave;y nay), l?i c&oacute; m?t con ???ng t? l&ecirc;n l&agrave;ng Ch?m v&agrave; Su?i Ti&ecirc;n. Ng&atilde; ba ?&oacute;, ng??i Ch?m g?i l&agrave; Canah kluw (??c l&agrave; Chanah kl?u); Canah c&oacute; ngh?a l&agrave; t? ra, kluw ngh?a l&agrave; ba (ng&atilde; ba).&lt;br /&gt;Ng??i Vi?t ??c tr?i ra th&agrave;nh &ldquo;C&agrave; n&aacute; l&acirc;u&rdquo;, v? sau ch? &ldquo;l&acirc;u&rdquo; n&agrave;y r?ng ?i, ch? c&ograve;n l?i &ldquo;C&agrave; na&rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;TH? N?I hay N?I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;D?c theo duy&ecirc;n h?i mi?n Trung Vi?t Nam, ch&uacute;ng ta t&igrave;m th?y nhi?u ??a danh mang t&ecirc;n Th? N?i ho?c N?i.&lt;br /&gt;T?i t?nh Ninh Thu?n, th&ocirc;n D? Kh&aacute;nh thu?c x&atilde; Kh&aacute;nh H?i, huy?n Ninh H?i, c?ng c&oacute; t?c danh l&agrave; N?I. V?y th&igrave; &ldquo;N?i&rdquo; n&agrave;y c&oacute; ngu?n g?c t? ?&acirc;u?&lt;br /&gt;X?a kia, ng??i Ch?m sinh s?ng d?c b? bi?n th??ng l&agrave;m ngh? ?&aacute;nh c&aacute;. M?i bu?i s&aacute;ng hay bu?i chi?u ??u c&oacute; c&aacute;c thuy?n ?&aacute;nh c&aacute; t?p v&agrave;o m?t v&agrave;i n?i nh?t ??nh (n?i c&oacute; nh?ng c? d&acirc;n ?&ocirc;ng ?&uacute;c) ?? b&aacute;n c&aacute;. Do ?&oacute;, v? l&acirc;u v? d&agrave;i, nh?ng n?i n&agrave;y h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh nh?ng &ldquo;ch? nh?&rdquo;, ch? y?u l&agrave; ?? b&aacute;n c&aacute; t??i cho ng??i ??a ph??ng v&agrave; c&aacute;c d&acirc;n bu&ocirc;n.&lt;br /&gt;&ldquo;Ch? nh?&rdquo; ?&oacute; t&ecirc;n Ch?m l&agrave; darak naih (darak l&agrave; ch?, naih l&agrave; nh?), ??c l&agrave; &ldquo;t&agrave;r?k neh&rdquo;. Ng??i Kinh d?ch ch? darak l&agrave; Th?, c&ograve;n ch? naih l?i ng? l&agrave; danh t? ri&ecirc;ng, n&ecirc;n c? g?i l&agrave; N&eacute; hay Th? N&eacute;. (S? chuy?n ??i t? ph? &acirc;m cu?i Ch?m h sang thanh h?i hay n?ng trong ti?ng Vi?t l&agrave; ?i?u th??ng g?p).&lt;br /&gt;V&igrave; th?, ch? N&eacute; v&agrave; Th? N&eacute; ??c tr?i ra th&agrave;nh N?I hay TH? N?I, v&agrave; c&aacute;c t? n&agrave;y t?n t?i cho ??n ng&agrave;y h&ocirc;m nay.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;S&Ocirc;NG DINH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;T?i th? x&atilde; Phan Rang &ndash; Th&aacute;p Ch&agrave;m thu?c t?nh Ninh Thu?n, c&oacute; con s&ocirc;ng C&aacute;i t? th??ng ngu?n ch?y v? bi?n, b?ng ngang qua ph&iacute;a Nam th? x&atilde; n&agrave;y. Ng??i ??a ph??ng g?i con s&ocirc;ng ?&oacute; l&agrave; S&ocirc;ng Dinh.&lt;br /&gt;T? Dinh n&agrave;y c&oacute; ph?i c&oacute; ngu?n g?c t? ti?ng Ch?m kh&ocirc;ng?&lt;br /&gt;Theo ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i, c&oacute; l? t? Dinh xu?t ph&aacute;t t? ch? DING (??c l&agrave; T&igrave;ng) c?a ng??i Ch?m. Ding c&oacute; ngh?a l&agrave; ph?, nau ding c&oacute; ngh?a l&agrave; ?i xu?ng ph?.&lt;br /&gt;Con s&ocirc;ng ch?y ngang ph? (ph&iacute;a nam Phan Rang), ng??i Ch?m g?i l&agrave; KRAUNG DING (c&oacute; ngh?a l&agrave; S&ocirc;ng Ph?), v&agrave; ng??i Kinh phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m ra th&agrave;nh S&Ocirc;NG DINH, theo &acirc;m ti?ng Ch?m ??c tr?i ra. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;S&Ocirc;NG MAO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;S&ocirc;ng Mao l&agrave; m?t ??a danh thu?c t&acirc;y b?c huy?n B?c B&igrave;nh t?nh B&igrave;nh Thu?n, tr??c ?&acirc;y (sau 30-4-1975) l&agrave; huy?n l? c?a huy?n B?c B&igrave;nh.&lt;br /&gt;Theo hi?u bi?t c?a ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i, t? S&ocirc;ng Mao c&oacute; ngu?n g?c kh&aacute; l&iacute; th&uacute;! Qua s? gi?i th&iacute;ch c?a m?t th&acirc;n h&agrave;o Ch?m, ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; th? hi?u nh? sau:&lt;br /&gt;Trong khu v?c S&ocirc;ng Mao b&acirc;y gi? c&oacute; ??ng ru?ng c?a ng??i Ch?m t?c g?i l&agrave; Hamu Pa-auk (??c l&agrave; pa-&oacute;, ngh?a l&agrave; c&acirc;y xo&agrave;i). C?nh ga S&ocirc;ng Mao c&oacute; m?t con s&ocirc;ng nh? ng??i Ch?m g?i l&agrave; kraung pa-auk. Ng??i Kinh d?ch th&agrave;nh S&Ocirc;NG PA-&Oacute;. Chuy?n ??i &acirc;m t? P c?a Ch?m sang M c?a Vi?t: t? S&ocirc;ng Pa-ok ???c vi?t l&agrave; S&ocirc;ng MA-&Oacute;. V? l?i th?i Ph&aacute;p thu?c d?u s?c ? nguy&ecirc;n &acirc;m o kh&ocirc;ng th? hi?n ???c tr&ecirc;n m&aacute;y ?&aacute;nh ch? (&oacute; th&agrave;nh o), v&igrave; v?y trong c&aacute;c v?n b?n h&agrave;nh ch&aacute;nh th?i ?&oacute; ta th??ng th?y vi?t S&ocirc;ng Ma-o. Sau n&agrave;y, d?u ngang r?ng ?i do c&aacute;ch ??c g?p th&agrave;nh m?t &acirc;m c?a nh?ng ng??i Ph&aacute;p (th?i Ph&aacute;p thu?c), cu?i c&ugrave;ng ta c&oacute; t? S&Ocirc;NG MAO c?a ng&agrave;y h&ocirc;m nay.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;S&Ocirc;NG L?Y &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;S&ocirc;ng L?y b?t ngu?n t? v&ugrave;ng n&uacute;i Braian ? ?? cao 1.075 m t?nh L&acirc;m ??ng, ch?y theo h??ng T&acirc;y B?c - ?&ocirc;ng Nam ? th??ng l?u v&agrave; trung l?u, chuy?n h??ng g?n T&acirc;y - ?&ocirc;ng ? h? l?u v&agrave; ?? ra Bi?n ?&ocirc;ng ? c?a Ph?n R&iacute;, t?nh B&igrave;nh Thu?n. D&agrave;i 98 km. &lt;br /&gt;T&ecirc;n s&ocirc;ng theo ti?ng Ch?m l&agrave; Kraung Binh (kraung : s&ocirc;ng ; binh : th&agrave;nh l?y), ng??i Vi?t g?i l&agrave; s&ocirc;ng L?y (H&aacute;n Vi?t). S&ocirc;ng L?y t?c l&agrave; s&ocirc;ng c?a th&agrave;nh l?y.&lt;br /&gt;Chuy?n k? r?ng n?m 1692 V??ng qu?c Ch?m Pa c&oacute; x&acirc;y m?t v&ograve;ng th&agrave;nh qu&acirc;n s? ? g?n con s&ocirc;ng L?y b&acirc;y gi? c&oacute; t&ecirc;n l&agrave; Bal Ha-n?n hay Bal Battinon. Th&agrave;nh l?y c? c?a ng??i Ch?m n?m b&ecirc;n h?u ng?n s&ocirc;ng L?y nay thu?c th&ocirc;n 2, x&atilde; S&ocirc;ng L?y, huy?n B?c B&igrave;nh, c&aacute;ch th&agrave;nh ph? Phan Thi?t kho?ng 40 km v? ph&iacute;a B?c.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Phan Rang, Phan R&iacute;, Phan Thi?t m&agrave; c&aacute;c s&aacute;ch ??a l&yacute; th??ng g?i l&agrave; &ldquo;Tam Phan&rdquo;, ???c c? n??c bi?t ??n l&agrave; do ??c ?i?m &iacute;t m?a nhi?u n?ng nh?t n??c. ?&acirc;y l&agrave; 3 ??a danh thu?c c?c nam Trung b?, x?a kia thu?c ??t Panduranga, ti?u bang c?c nam c?a x? Champa c?.&lt;br /&gt;Theo ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i t&igrave;m hi?u th&igrave; c? 3 t? n&agrave;y ??u c&oacute; ngu?n g?c t? ti?ng Ch?m.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;PHAN RANG&lt;/span&gt; l&agrave; bi?n d?ng c?a t? Ch?m: PA-NRANG, hay c&ograve;n ???c g?i l&agrave; PANDARANG. ?&oacute; l&agrave; t? ??a ph??ng vi?t theo ti?ng Ch?m hi?n ??i (akhar thrah) ?? ch? v&ugrave;ng t?nh Ninh Thu?n ng&agrave;y nay. Th&ocirc;ng th??ng c&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u Vi?t nam v&agrave; n??c ngo&agrave;i hay nh?m l?n gi?a 2 danh t? Pandarang v&agrave; Panduranga v&igrave; cho 2 t? n&agrave;y ch? l&agrave; m?t (??ng ngh?a v?i nhau). S? th?t kh&ocirc;ng ph?i th?, v&igrave; Panduranga l&agrave; ti?ng Ph?n (Sanscrit) d&ugrave;ng ?? ch? v&ugrave;ng ??t chung c?a c? 2 t?nh Ninh Thu?n v&agrave; B&igrave;nh Thu?n ng&agrave;y nay, ?&uacute;ng h?n l&agrave; c? m?t ph?n c?a ??ng Nai n?a, v&igrave; c&aacute;c s&aacute;ch c? Ch?m lu&ocirc;n nh?c ??n ??ng Nai th??ng v&agrave; ??ng Nai h?, khi n&oacute;i ??n Panduranga (theo E.Durand. P.B.Lafont v&agrave; L.Finot).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;PHAN R&Iacute;&lt;/span&gt;. ?&acirc;y l&agrave; phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m c?a danh t? Ch?m PA-RIK, ??a danh ch? v&ugrave;ng n?m gi?a KRONG (t?c s&ocirc;ng L&ograve;ng S&ocirc;ng hay huy?n Tuy Phong h&ocirc;m nay) v&agrave; PAJAI (t?c Ph? H&agrave;i). Panrang &ndash; Kraung &ndash; Parik &ndash; Pajai l&agrave; 4 v&ugrave;ng ch&iacute;nh c?a Panduranga c? ?ang c&oacute; ?&ocirc;ng c? d&acirc;n Ch?m.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;PHAN THI?T&lt;/span&gt;. ?&acirc;y l&agrave; s? bi?n d?ng c?a t? Ch?m HAMU LITHIT (Ru?ng Lithit). Ng??i Ch?m th??ng g?i t?t l&agrave; Mu Thit, n&ecirc;n tr??c ?&acirc;y ???c phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m l&agrave; Man Thi?t (th?i Ph&aacute;p thu?c) tr??c khi tr? th&agrave;nh Phan Thi?t c?a ng&agrave;y h&ocirc;m nay.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;LADI&lt;/span&gt;. T?c l&agrave; v&ugrave;ng huy?n H&agrave;m T&acirc;n b&acirc;y gi? (thu?c t?nh B&igrave;nh Thu?n), x?a kia l&agrave; ??t N?gar LADIK c?a x? Panduranga c? (??c l&agrave; La-tik theo &acirc;m Ch?m). Danh t? LADIK ???c phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m th&agrave;nh La Di ng&agrave;y nay.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;S&Ocirc;NG LA NG&Agrave;&lt;/span&gt;. ?&acirc;y l&agrave; con s&ocirc;ng b?t ngu?n t? b&igrave;nh nguy&ecirc;n L&acirc;m ??ng, ch?y qua c&aacute;c huy?n ph&iacute;a nam t?nh B&igrave;nh Thu?n ?? ?? xu?ng bi?n ?&ocirc;ng. V?y, t? La Ng&agrave; c&oacute; ngu?n g?c t? ?&acirc;u? ?&acirc;y kh&ocirc;ng ph?i l&agrave; m?t danh t? Ch?m. La Ng&agrave; c&oacute; ngu?n g?c t? ti?ng K?ho, v&igrave; s&ocirc;ng n&agrave;y c&oacute; d&ograve;ng ch?y b?ng qua c&aacute;c v&ugrave;ng c? tr&uacute; c?a ??ng b&agrave;o K?ho. V&agrave;o m&ugrave;a h?, s&ocirc;ng n&agrave;y kh&ocirc; n??c, l&ograve;ng s&ocirc;ng n?i l&ecirc;n nhi?u ?&aacute; cu?i ?en tr?ng l?p l&aacute;nh d??i &aacute;nh m?t tr?i gi?ng nh? m?t b&atilde;i ph?i h?t m&egrave; m&agrave;u tr?ng ?en v?y. V&igrave; th? m&agrave; ng??i K?ho ??t t&ecirc;n con s&ocirc;ng n&agrave;y l&agrave; s&ocirc;ng L?NGA &ndash; s&ocirc;ng H?t M&egrave; (L?nga l&agrave; h?t m&egrave; (v?ng &ndash; theo T? ?i?n Vi?t &ndash; K?ho, S? VHTT L&acirc;m ??ng, 1983, tr.164). Ng??i Vi?t phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m l&agrave; La Ng&agrave;.&lt;br /&gt;Ng??i K?ho c&ograve;n g?i con tr&acirc;u tr?ng c&oacute; ch?m ?en li ti l&agrave; &ldquo;r?pu l?nga&rdquo; (con tr&acirc;u h?t m&egrave;). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;C? H? &lt;/span&gt;l&agrave; t?c danh c?a l&agrave;ng M? T??ng thu?c x&atilde; Nh?n H?i, huy?n Ninh H?i, t?nh Ninh Thu?n. L&agrave;ng n&agrave;y t?a l?c g?n bi?n, v&agrave; tr??c ?&acirc;y mang ??a danh l&agrave; BAL HUH c?a Champa c? (Bal: th? ?&ocirc;, ?&acirc;y l&agrave; th? ?&ocirc; t?m th?i khi ph?i di chuy?n v? ph&iacute;a nam do chi?n cu?c c?ng nh? sau n&agrave;y chuy?n v? Bal Ywa, Bal Lai, Bal Caung (1)&hellip; tr??c khi ??n Bal Canar ? Phan R&iacute; l&agrave; th? ?&ocirc; cu?i c&ugrave;ng). Sau n&agrave;y khi kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n Bal n?a, ng??i Ch?m ch? g?i g?n ??a danh n&agrave;y l&agrave; HUH. Ch&iacute;nh t? HUH n&agrave;y ?&atilde; ???c phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m bi?n th&agrave;nh C? H?.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;H&Ograve;A LAI&lt;/span&gt; l&agrave; m?t ??a danh ? b?c Ninh Thu?n th??ng ???c g?i l&agrave; Ba Th&aacute;p, thu?c x&atilde; T&acirc;n H?i, huy?n Ninh H?i. Tr&ecirc;n qu?c l? s? 1, du kh&aacute;ch b?t g?p hai ng?n th&aacute;p Ch?m c? k&iacute;nh t?a l?c ph&iacute;a ?&ocirc;ng con ???ng, c&aacute;ch ranh gi?i Kh&aacute;nh H&ograve;a &ndash; Ninh Thu?n kho?ng 8 km (ng?n th? ba ?&atilde; b? ?? n&aacute;t t? l&acirc;u). N?i ?&acirc;y ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; H&Ograve;A LAI. X?a kia ??a danh n&agrave;y mang t&ecirc;n l&agrave; BAL LAI (th? ?&ocirc; ?&atilde; ?i&ecirc;u m?t). Ch&iacute;nh t? Bal Lai n&agrave;y ?&atilde; ???c phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m th&agrave;nh H&ograve;a Lai.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;G&Ograve; ??N&lt;/span&gt; l&agrave; t&ecirc;n g?i c?a m?t l&agrave;ng C&ocirc;ng gi&aacute;o t?a l?c gi?a H&ograve;a Lai v&agrave; H? Di&ecirc;m, thu?c x&atilde; T&acirc;n H?i, huy?n Ninh H?i, t?nh NinhThu?n. Khu v?c n&agrave;y l&agrave; m?t g&ograve; l?n, v&agrave; ? gi?a g&ograve; ?y c&oacute; m?t c&aacute;i ??n c?a ng??i Ch?m. ??n n&agrave;y ?&atilde; ?? n&aacute;t v&agrave; ngay tr&ecirc;n ??a ?i?m ?&oacute; b&acirc;y gi? nh&agrave; th? C&ocirc;ng gi&aacute;o ???c x&acirc;y d?ng l&ecirc;n. V?y ??a danh G&ograve; ??n mang ??c ?i?m c?a khu ?&acirc;t n&agrave;y: ??t G&Ograve; c&oacute; ??N c?a ng??i d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m.&lt;br /&gt;G&Ograve; S?N l&agrave; t&ecirc;n g?i m?t l&agrave;ng n?m s&aacute;t ph&aacute;i b?c G&ograve; ??n. ?&acirc;y c?ng l&agrave; v?t ??t g&ograve; cao ti?p n?i v?i v?t ??t G&ograve; ??n. V?t ??t n&agrave;y l&agrave; ??t s?n (?&aacute; s?i nh?). Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; ??c ?i?m n&agrave;y m&agrave; ng??i d&acirc;n ??a ph??ng m?i ??t t&ecirc;n l&agrave; G&ograve; S?n.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;C&Agrave; ?&Uacute;, CH&Agrave; BANG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;?&acirc;y l&agrave; t&ecirc;n g?i 2 h&ograve;n n&uacute;i ? ph&iacute;a b?c v&agrave; ph&iacute;a nam t?nh Ninh Thu?n.&lt;br /&gt;C&Agrave; ?&Uacute; l&agrave; h&ograve;n n&uacute;i ? ph&iacute;a t&acirc;y ??m N?i, thu?c x&atilde; H? H?i, huy?n Ninh H?i. N?i ?&acirc;y c&oacute; l&agrave;ng mang t&ecirc;n l&agrave; l&agrave;ng C&agrave; ?&uacute; (nay ??i l?i th&agrave;nh th&ocirc;n L??ng C&aacute;ch). C&agrave; ?&uacute; l&agrave; m?t t? Ch?m xu?t ph&aacute;t t? t&ecirc;n g?i h&ograve;n n&uacute;i KA?UK n&oacute;i tr&ecirc;n. T? Ka?uk ???c phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m ra ti?ng Vi?t l&agrave; C&agrave; ?&uacute;.&lt;br /&gt;CH&Agrave; BANG l&agrave; t&ecirc;n g?i h&ograve;n n&uacute;i ? ph&iacute;a b?c th&ocirc;n V?n L&acirc;m (c&aacute;ch ch?ng 7 km) thu?c x&atilde; Ph??c Nam, huy?n Ninh Ph??c. Ng??i Ch?m th??ng g?i l&agrave; C?k Cabbang, c&oacute; ngh?a l&agrave; h&ograve;n n&uacute;i c&oacute; ng?n t? ?&ocirc;i nh? &ldquo;cabbang&rdquo; (ch? V).&lt;br /&gt;Ng??i Vi?t phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m th&agrave;nh Ch&agrave; Bang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;PALEI R?M&lt;/span&gt; (??c l&agrave; r&acirc;m). T? R?M n&agrave;y r?t g?n g?i v?i ng??i Ch?m, nh?ng r?t &iacute;t ng??i Ch?m hi?u ngh?a ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c c?a n&oacute; l&agrave; g&igrave;. Xin n&oacute;i r&otilde; Palei R?m l&agrave; t?c danh c?a th&ocirc;n V?n L&acirc;m (thu?c x&atilde; Ph??c H?i, huy?n Ninh Ph??c, t?nh Ninh Thu?n). T? tr??c ??n nay ??i ?a s? ng??i Ch?m ch? hi?u t? &ldquo;r&acirc;m&rdquo; l&agrave; r?ng r?m; t? ?&oacute; suy di?n ra m?t c&aacute;ch l&ocirc;gic l&agrave; tr??c ?&acirc;y khu v?c n&agrave;y to&agrave;n r?ng r&uacute; r?m r?p, ??y th&uacute; d?. Nh?ng khi ??c l?i c&aacute;c v?n b?n c? Ch?m, ta m?i hi?u t? &ldquo;r&acirc;m&rdquo; c&ograve;n c&oacute; ngh?a kh&aacute;c l&agrave;: &ldquo;??t g&ograve;&rdquo; (??t cao), nh?t l&agrave; khi tra c?u t? ?i?n Malaysia th&igrave; ta c&agrave;ng s&aacute;ng t? h?n, ch? &ldquo;r&acirc;m&rdquo; ?&uacute;ng c&oacute; ngh?a l&agrave; &ldquo;??t g&ograve;&rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;V?y &ldquo;Palei R?m&rdquo; c&oacute; ngh?a l&agrave; th&ocirc;n ??t G&ograve;, v&agrave; n&oacute;i theo ti?ng Ch?m th&ocirc;ng th??ng l&agrave; Palei Tabbok (??c l&agrave; tab&ocirc;k). R&otilde; r&agrave;ng ch&uacute;ng ta ?ang s? d?ng t? ng? ?&oacute; m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng nh?n ra Tabbok Gah: ch? ?p G&ograve; D??i, Tabbok Kr?h: ch? ?p G&ograve; Gi?a, v&agrave; Ram Ngauk ?? ch? &rdquo; ?p G&ograve; Tr&ecirc;n&rdquo; ?&oacute; sao?&lt;br /&gt;(1) Ch&uacute; th&iacute;ch: th? t? n&agrave;y l&agrave; do t&aacute;c gi? suy lu?n theo l&ocirc;gic t? bi?n l&ecirc;n gi?a ??t li?n, v&agrave; t? b?c xu&ocirc;i v? nam t?i Pandarang, ch? kh&ocirc;ng t&igrave;m ra trong t? li?u n&agrave;o. V?y t&iacute;nh ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c kh&ocirc;ng ???c ??m b?o.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;?&Agrave; N?NG&lt;/span&gt;. L&agrave; bi?n d?ng c?a t? Ch?m DAKNAN. Theo t&agrave;i li?u c?a c? B? Thu?n (nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u Ch?m, g?c Phan R&iacute;, s?ng v&agrave;o ??u th? k? XX) th&igrave; ch? dak c&oacute; ngh?a l&agrave; n??c (Ch?m c?), nan hay n?n (t?clan?ng) l&agrave; r?ng. ??a danh Daknan h&agrave;m &yacute; ch? v&ugrave;ng s&ocirc;ng n??c r?ng m&ecirc;nh m&ocirc;ng (c?a s&ocirc;ng H&agrave;n b&acirc;y gi?). Ng??i Vi?t phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m ra th&agrave;nh ?&agrave; N?ng.&lt;br /&gt;Tourane. V&agrave;o th?i Ph&aacute;p thu?c (v&agrave; tr??c ?&oacute;), ??a danh ?&agrave; N?ng th??ng ???c g?i l&agrave; Tourane. V?y t? Tourane n&agrave;y do ?&acirc;u m&agrave; ra? C?ng theo t&agrave;i li?u c?a c? B? Thu?n th&igrave; ch? DAKNAN c?a Ch?m ng??i Trung Hoa g?c H?i Nam ??c l&agrave; TOUNAN, do ?&oacute; m&agrave; phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m th&agrave;nh Tourane.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;C&Ugrave; LAO CH&Agrave;M&lt;/span&gt;. ?&oacute; l&agrave; m?t h&ograve;n ??o ? ngo&agrave;i kh?i t?nh Qu?ng Nam. Tr??c ?&acirc;y, c&ugrave; lao n&agrave;y l&agrave; n?i c? tr&uacute; c?a c&aacute;c d&acirc;n ch&agrave;i Ch?m (t?c Ch&agrave;m) v&agrave; d? nhi&ecirc;n mang t&ecirc;n Ch?m. R?t ti?c h&ocirc;m nay kh&ocirc;ng ai c&ograve;n nh?. V? sau, qua bi?n ??i c?a l?ch s?, ng??i Ch?m ?&atilde; di t?n ?i nhi?u n?i (c&oacute; l? ?&ocirc;ng nh?t l&agrave; H?i Nam c?a Trung Qu?c) v&agrave; ng??i Vi?t g?i ??a danh n&agrave;y l&agrave; C&ugrave; lao Ch&agrave;m, ngh?a l&agrave; c&ugrave; lao c?a ng??i Ch?m c? tr&uacute; tr??c ?&acirc;y.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;S&Ocirc;NG CAM L?&lt;/span&gt;. S&ocirc;ng Cam L? thu?c t?nh Qu?ng Tr?, c&oacute; l? c&oacute; ngu?n g?c t? ch? Ca Lo, hay c&ograve;n g?i l&agrave; Khu Lu, v&agrave; danh t? n&agrave;y ?&atilde; ???c phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m ra th&agrave;nh Cam L? c?a ng&agrave;y nay.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;B?NG MI&Ecirc;U&lt;/span&gt;. B?ng Mi&ecirc;u l&agrave; m?t v&ugrave;ng ??i n&uacute;i thu?c t?nh Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i. X?a kia nh?ng ??i n&agrave;y c&oacute; nhi?u v&agrave;ng m&agrave; ng??i Ch?m ?&atilde; t?ng khai th&aacute;c. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; v?y m&agrave; v&ugrave;ng n&agrave;y mang ??a danh Ch?m l&agrave; Bbon Am?h (??i v&agrave;ng), v&agrave; ???c phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m th&agrave;nh B?ng Mi&ecirc;u.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;TR&Agrave; B?NG, S?N TR&Agrave;, TR&Agrave; KH&Uacute;C, TR&Agrave; MI&lt;/span&gt;. ?&oacute; l&agrave; nh?ng ??a danh thu?c t?nh Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i. Nh?ng t? ng? n&agrave;y g?i l?i nh?ng &acirc;m Ch?m: Ch? Tr&agrave; l&agrave; phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m c?a ch? ph?n Jaya (m?t trong 4 h? ch&iacute;nh th?ng &Ocirc;n, Tr&agrave;, Ma, Ch? c?a ng??i Ch?m).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;S&Ocirc;NG ?&Agrave; R?NG&lt;/span&gt;. ?&oacute; l&agrave; con s&ocirc;ng ch?y qua ph&iacute;a nam Th&agrave;nh ph? Tuy H&ograve;a, T?nh Ph&uacute; Y&ecirc;n. T? ?&agrave; R?ng mang &acirc;m Ch?m v&agrave; c&oacute; ngu?n g?c t? ch? Dairios (t&ecirc;n c?a con s&ocirc;ng n&agrave;y tr??c kia). Ch&iacute;nh t? n&agrave;y l?i ???c phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m t? ch? Dak Riong, c&oacute; ngh?a l&agrave; s&ocirc;ng s&acirc;u h?m h? (t?ng ch? m?t: h?m h? li&ecirc;n ti?p). T? ch? Dairios, ng??i Vi?t phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m th&agrave;nh ?&agrave; R?ng.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;??P ??NG CAM&lt;/span&gt;. ??p ??ng Cam t?a l?c t?i Ph&uacute; Y&ecirc;n, n?i c&oacute; ??ng ru?ng l&uacute;a n??c l?n nh?t mi?n Trung. ??p n&agrave;y x?a kia ch?c ch?n mang t&ecirc;n Ch?m nh?ng nay kh&ocirc;ng ai c&ograve;n nh? n?a. Ng??i Vi?t ??t t&ecirc;n ??p n&agrave;y l&agrave; ??p ??ng Ch&agrave;m, ngh?a l&agrave; ??p c?a ??ng l&uacute;a ng??i Ch&agrave;m tr??c ?&acirc;y. Nh?ng v&agrave;o th?i Ph&aacute;p thu?c, ng??i Ph&aacute;p vi?t l&agrave; Cam (ch? Cam h? vi?t theo b? ch? c&aacute;i Ch?m theo h? th?ng latinh h&oacute;a c?a E.Aymonier trong ?&oacute; ch? C mang &acirc;m Ch). Nh?ng h&ocirc;m nay ch&uacute;ng ta ??c theo ch? c&aacute;i Vi?t th&agrave;nh &ldquo;Cam&rdquo; thay v&igrave; Cham.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;V?N GI&Atilde;&lt;/span&gt;. D&atilde;y n&uacute;i tr&ugrave;ng ?i?p t?o ra ?&egrave;o C? ? b?c Kh&aacute;nh H&ograve;a tr??c ?&acirc;y mang t&ecirc;n Kauthara (c?ng l&agrave; t&ecirc;n Ti?u v??ng qu?c c?a Th&aacute;nh ??a Po Nagar). Nhi?u h?c gi? Ch?m kh?ng ??nh t? V?n Gi&atilde; l&agrave; bi?n d?ng c?a ch? Kauthara v?y.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_4yxo&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 600; color: #4b4f56; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;NHA TRANG&lt;/span&gt;. Th&agrave;nh ph? thu?c x? Kauthara c?, ng??i Ch?m th??ng g?i l&agrave; Ia Trang (Ia l&agrave; n??c, Trang l&agrave; ?an ch&eacute;o) h&agrave;m &yacute; ch? n?i c&oacute; hai lu?n n??c ch?y ?an ch&eacute;o nhau. Danh t? Ia Trang ???c phi&ecirc;n &acirc;m ra th&agrave;nh Nha Trang ng&agrave;y nay. C?ng c&oacute; m?t nh?n ??nh kh&aacute;c l&agrave; ch? Trang (trong Ia trang) c&oacute; ngh?a l&agrave; lau, s?y. V&agrave; t? Ia Trang d&ugrave;ng ?? ch? v&ugrave;ng s&ocirc;ng n??c c&oacute; nhi?u lau s?y.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2484/nguá»’n-gá»c-cá»¦a-má»˜t-sá»-äá»ša-danh-thuá»˜c-ninh-thuáº¬n-vã€-bãœnh-t/</guid>
			<pubDate>Tue, 10 Sep 2019 05:07:37 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>kevin cham</dc:creator>
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			<title>VÃ o Trao Äá»•i Vá»›i BQL Di TÃ­ch ThÃ¡p Po Sah InÆ°</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2476/vã o-trao-äá»•i-vá»›i-bql-di-tã­ch-thã¡p-po-sah-inæ°/</link>
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&lt;p&gt;V&Agrave;I TRAO ??I V?I BQL DI T&Iacute;CH TH&Aacute;P PO SAH IN?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tr?a nay, 17/5, g?n ??n gi? ho&agrave;ng ??o, t&ocirc;i c&oacute; vi?c l&ecirc;n th&aacute;p Po Sah In? kh?n nguy?n xin N? th?n Champa ban ph??c, b?o tr&igrave; nhi?u s?c kh?e, b&igrave;nh an v&agrave; may m?n. H?n hai n?m qua, k? t? khi th&aacute;p Po Sah In? b??c v&agrave;o tr&ugrave;ng tu, h&ocirc;m nay t&ocirc;i m?i c&oacute; d?p tr? l?i th?m vi?ng th&aacute;p. Ph?i n&oacute;i th?t v?i nhau r?ng, ? khu di t&iacute;ch n&agrave;y, c&oacute; nh?ng t&iacute;n hi?u vui m&agrave; b&ecirc;n c?nh ?&oacute; c?ng c&ograve;n t?n t?i kh&ocirc;ng &iacute;t s? bu?n.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;T&iacute;n hi?u vui ??u ti&ecirc;n ??p v&agrave;o t?m m?t du kh&aacute;ch th?p ph??ng l&agrave; th&aacute;p Po Sah In? ?&atilde; kh&ocirc;ng b? g?n b?ng qu?ng b&aacute; du l?ch g&acirc;y b&atilde;o d? lu?n b&aacute;o ch&iacute; v&agrave; m?ng x&atilde; h?i, nh? ? c&aacute;c khu di t&iacute;ch Th&aacute;p ?&ocirc;i, Th&aacute;p B&aacute;nh &Iacute;t ? B&igrave;nh ??nh, Th&aacute;p Nh?n ? Ph&uacute; Y&ecirc;n, trong hai tu?n v?a r?i. T&iacute;n hi?u vui th? hai, ?&oacute; l&agrave; b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i, du kh&aacute;ch ?&atilde; kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n nh&igrave;n th?y th&aacute;p b? ?&oacute;ng ?inh ?? c? ??nh nh?ng s?i d&acirc;y ?i?n bao quanh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;T&iacute;n hi?u vui n&agrave;y, nhi?u n?m tr??c B&aacute;o B&igrave;nh Thu?n ?&atilde; c&oacute; b&agrave;i b&aacute;o ph?n &aacute;nh c?a t&aacute;c gi? H&agrave; Thanh T&uacute;, ti?p ??n c&aacute; nh&acirc;n t&ocirc;i c?ng ?&atilde; l&ecirc;n ti?ng quy?t li?t. Sau ?&oacute;, tr&ecirc;n b&aacute;o ch&iacute;, th?y c&oacute; th&ecirc;m b&agrave;i vi?t c?a nh&agrave; th?, nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u v?n h&oacute;a Ch?m danh ti?ng Inra Sara, c? nh&agrave; v?n uy t&iacute;n c?ng ??ng Ch?m Tr&agrave; Vigia, r?i ? ?t ti?ng n&oacute;i c?a c?ng ??ng m?ng x&atilde; h?i c?a ng??i Ch?m. C&aacute; nh&acirc;n t&ocirc;i r?t vui v?i nh?ng t&iacute;n hi?u n&agrave;y c?a BQL Di t&iacute;ch th&aacute;p Po Sah In?. B?i d&ugrave; sao ?i n?a, tuy c&oacute; t&iacute;n hi?u ph?i ???c ng??i d&acirc;n ph?n &aacute;nh ki&ecirc;n tr&igrave; th&igrave; l&atilde;nh ??o m?i nh&igrave;n th?y ???c h?n ch? m&agrave; ti?p thu ch?nh s?a.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;T&ocirc;i hoan ngh&ecirc;nh tinh th?n c?u ti?n c?a BQL Di t&iacute;ch th&aacute;p Po Sah In?. Song b&ecirc;n c?nh t&iacute;n hi?u vui, ch&uacute;ng ta ph?i c&ocirc;ng nh?n v?i nhau m?t th?c t? &quot;??ng ?&oacute;t&quot; r?ng, c&oacute; t?n t?i n?i bu?n. Th?m ch&iacute; l&agrave; n?i bu?n l?n ch? kh&ocirc;ng ph?i nh? nh?n g&igrave;. C&oacute; th? th?i ?i?m n&agrave;y, BQL Di t&iacute;ch nh?n th?c n&oacute; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; g&igrave; g?i l&agrave; sai. ? g&oacute;c ?? m?t ng??i Ch?m ho?t ??ng ch? ngh?a, s? t?n t?i n&agrave;y c?n thi?t ???c trao ??i s&ograve;ng ph?ng, minh b?ch v&agrave; c&ocirc;ng khai. ? v? tr&iacute; ng??i nghi&ecirc;n c?u v?n h&oacute;a m? ?? c?a m&igrave;nh, nh?ng ?ng x? kh&ocirc;ng ph&ugrave; h?p v?i c? s? t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o t&iacute;n ng??ng Ch?m, c?ng nh? kh&ocirc;ng chu?n m?c v?i Lu?t di s?n v?n h&oacute;a, th&igrave; c&aacute; nh&acirc;n t&ocirc;i l&ecirc;n ti?ng ?? qu&yacute; v? th?y c&aacute;i kh&ocirc;ng ?&uacute;ng m&agrave; th&aacute;o g? n&oacute; ?i. N?u nh?n th?y m&igrave;nh l&agrave;m sai, BQL Di t&iacute;ch ph?i k?p th?i ch?nh s?a l?i, ?&aacute;p ?ng nguy?n v?ng ??ng b&agrave;o Ch?m. B&ecirc;n c?nh ?&oacute;, c?ng ph?i mang ra &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng nh?ng c&aacute; nh&acirc;n ch?u tr&aacute;ch nhi?m ch&iacute;nh n?ng l?c c?a h?. C&ograve;n n?u nh? t&ocirc;i ph?n &aacute;nh sai, xuy&ecirc;n t?c g&acirc;y d? lu?n b?y b?, ch?c ch?n ph&aacute;p lu?t Nh&agrave; n??c s? kh&ocirc;ng b? qua.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N?i bu?n th? nh?t, ?&oacute; l&agrave; t?i sao BQL Di t&iacute;ch th&aacute;p Po Sah In? l?i g?n camera v&agrave; l?p b&oacute;ng ?&egrave;n chi?u s&aacute;ng trong l&ograve;ng th&aacute;p Ch?m ng&agrave;n tu?i? G?n camera v?y nh?m m?c ?&iacute;ch g&igrave;, ph?i ch?ng ?? &quot;ng?m&quot; Th?n Yang Ch?m m?i khi xu?t hi?n ?? C? quan n&agrave;o c?p ph&eacute;p l&agrave;m chuy?n ?i&ecirc;n r? n&agrave;y? Ch?a k?, t&ocirc;i v?n c&ograve;n th?y nhi?u d&acirc;y ?i?n h? b?c c&oacute; th? g&acirc;y nguy hi?m, ?inh ?&oacute;ng c&ograve;n nhi?u b&ecirc;n trong th&aacute;p. C&oacute; ?inh c?m vu v? kh&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c d?ng g&igrave; c?. N?i bu?n th? hai, theo Lu?t di s?n v?n h&oacute;a hi?n h&agrave;nh c?a n??c ta, nh?ng di s?n ???c Th? t??ng Ch&iacute;nh ph? k&yacute; c&ocirc;ng nh?n l&agrave; di t&iacute;ch qu?c gia ??c bi?t th&igrave; c&oacute; ph&acirc;n bi?t ra hai khu v?c r&otilde; r?t. Trong ?&oacute; c&oacute; m?t khu g?i l&agrave; khu v?c c?n b?o t?n nguy&ecirc;n tr?ng, Lu?t di s?n v?n h&oacute;a g?i l&agrave; khu v?c 1. N?u mu?n l&agrave;m g&igrave; ? khu v?c 1, c?n th&agrave;nh l?p m?t H?i ??ng c?p B? ?? nghi&ecirc;n c?u, tham m?u v&agrave; h??ng d?n.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N?u v? vi?c ph?c t?p qu&aacute;, Th? t??ng Ch&iacute;nh ph? s? ch? ??o gi?i quy?t. Vi?c BQL Di t&iacute;ch &quot;l? l&agrave;&quot; ?? c? s? th? t? kh&aacute;c x&acirc;y d?ng c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh ki?n tr&uacute;c m?i, l?n chi?m khu v?c 1 tr?m tr?ng, th? h?i ti?ng n&oacute;i v&agrave; tr&aacute;ch nhi?m qu?n l&yacute; c?a m&igrave;nh ? ?&acirc;u? B&ecirc;n c?nh ?&oacute;, H?i ??ng ch?c s?c t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o B&agrave; La M&ocirc;n c?ng nh? H?i ??ng S? c? B&agrave; Ni t?nh B&igrave;nh Thu?n kh&ocirc;ng r&otilde; c&oacute; bi?t hay ch?ng? N?u ch?a bi?t th&igrave; qua ph?n &aacute;nh ? b&agrave;i vi?t n&agrave;y, b&acirc;y gi? bi?t. C&ograve;n n?u ?&atilde; bi?t r?i sao l?i im l?ng, kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; ti?ng n&oacute;i g&oacute;p &yacute; l&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n, ?? x?y ra v? vi?c ph?m lu?t, ?nh h??ng ??n th&aacute;p Ch?m nh? v?y? N?i bu?n th? ba, cho ph&eacute;p t&ocirc;i h?i l&atilde;nh ??o t?nh B&igrave;nh Thu?n, ??i v?i nh?ng n?i l&agrave; di t&iacute;ch th&aacute;p Ch?m hay c? quan d&acirc;n t?c c?a Nh&agrave; n??c m&agrave; t?i sao ch? c&oacute; &iacute;t ?i, th?m ch&iacute; c&oacute; th?c tr?ng c? quan kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; m?t m?ng c&aacute;n b? Ch?m n&agrave;o l&agrave;m vi?c ? ?&oacute;? Ch? ??ng n&oacute;i g&igrave; ng??i Ch?m l&agrave;m l&atilde;nh ??o c?p tr??ng ph&ograve;ng, ch?c v? gi&aacute;m ??c th&igrave; c?c k&igrave; hi?m hoi. Ch?ng l?, ng??i Ch?m kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; ??ng vi&ecirc;n, kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; ng??i ?? tr&igrave;nh ??, b?ng c?p l&agrave;m vi?c ?&oacute; ?? N?i bu?n th? t?, nh?ng ?ng x? th&ocirc; b?o ??i v?i di t&iacute;ch th&aacute;p Ch?m v?a qua, vi ph?m Lu?t di s?n v?n h&oacute;a, kh&ocirc;ng ph&ugrave; h?p v?i t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o t&iacute;n ng??ng B&agrave; La M&ocirc;n th?i gian qua, m?t ph?n l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng th?y c&oacute; b&oacute;ng d&aacute;ng c&aacute;n b? ng??i Ch?m trong ?&oacute;, ?? x?y ra d? lu?n kh&ocirc;ng hay, ?nh h??ng ??n t? ch?c v&agrave; uy t&iacute;n ??ng.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nh&igrave;n t?ng th? v? m&ocirc;, nh?ng s? vi?c nh? ??c khoan b?t v&iacute;t qu?ng b&aacute; du l?ch, g?n camera, m?c b&oacute;ng ?&egrave;n chi?u s&aacute;ng, ?&oacute;ng ?inh trong l&ograve;ng th&aacute;p, ??u g&acirc;y t?n h?i kh?ng khi?p cho nh?ng di t&iacute;ch ng&agrave;n tu?i, vi ph?m Lu?t di s?n v?n h&oacute;a th&ocirc; b?o. Ri&ecirc;ng vi?c x&acirc;y d?ng m?i c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh ki?n tr&uacute;c trong khu v?c 1 c?a Lu?t di s?n v?n h&oacute;a, l?i c&agrave;ng sai b&eacute;t nh&egrave;. T&oacute;m l?i, tr&ecirc;n ?&acirc;y l&agrave; v&agrave;i trao ??i trong s&aacute;ng, nghi&ecirc;m t&uacute;c v&agrave; nhi?t huy?t c?a t&ocirc;i v?i BQL Di t&iacute;ch th&aacute;p Po Sah In?, S? V?n h&oacute;a, Th? thao v&agrave; Du l?ch t?nh B&igrave;nh Thu?n, c?ng nh? UBND t?nh B&igrave;nh Thu?n. Trao ??i v&agrave; ph?n &aacute;nh n&agrave;y nh?m m?c ?&iacute;ch g&oacute;p &yacute; t?t ??p, l&agrave;m cho di t&iacute;ch tr??ng th? h?n, ng??i l&agrave;m c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c qu?n l&yacute; kh&ocirc;ng ??n ??c m?t m&igrave;nh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;C?ng ??ng ??ng b&agrave;o Ch?m mong s?m th?y k?t qu? ?ng x? ph&ugrave; h?p phong t?c, t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o t&iacute;n ng??ng c?ng nh? ch?p h&agrave;nh chu?n m?c Lu?t di s?n v?n h&oacute;a ??i v?i nh?ng di t&iacute;ch Th&aacute;p Ch?m.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ngu?n: Facebook&lt;/p&gt;
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			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2476/vã o-trao-äá»•i-vá»›i-bql-di-tã­ch-thã¡p-po-sah-inæ°/</guid>
			<pubDate>Fri, 17 May 2019 19:42:29 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>prancham</dc:creator>
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			<title>Po Dharma khÃ´ng cÃ²n ná»¯a</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2466/po-dharma-khã´ng-cã²n-ná»¯a/</link>
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&lt;div class=&quot;newline&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Tg- Nguy?n V?n Huy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;newline&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Ban bi&ecirc;n t?p Th&ocirc;ng Lu?n v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng th??ng ti?c th&ocirc;ng b&aacute;o c&ugrave;ng qu&yacute; ??c gi? Th&ocirc;ng Lu?n tin bu?n :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Nh&agrave; v?n h&oacute;a s? h?c Po Dharma v?a t? tr?n ng&agrave;y 21/02/2019 t?i th&agrave;nh ph? Toulouse, mi?n Nam n??c Ph&aacute;p, sau m?t c?n b?o b?nh, h??ng th? 74 tu?i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;L? h?a thi&ecirc;u s? ???c c? h&agrave;nh t?i Toulouse ng&agrave;y 26/02/2019.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Ban bi&ecirc;n t?p Th&ocirc;ng Lu?n ch&acirc;n th&agrave;nh chia bu?n c&ugrave;ng gia ?&igrave;nh Po Dharma, m?t th&acirc;n h?u c?a T?p H?p D&acirc;n Ch? ?a Nguy&ecirc;n t?i P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;newline&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;/PF.Base/file/attachment/2019/02/5df142d348d29fb79991175d376f2064_view.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;480&quot; height=&quot;480&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;newline&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;podharma1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;newline&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;img src=&quot;https://nguoicham.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/file/attachment/2019/02/0c310a89ebd7548b62bbeb01c3c2779b_view.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;864&quot; height=&quot;610&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Di ?nh Ph&oacute; Gi&aacute;o s? Ti?n s? Po Dharma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Po Dharma t&ecirc;n th?t l&agrave; Qu?ng V?n ??, sinh n?m 1945 (tr??ng Vi?n ?&ocirc;ng B&aacute;c C? Ph&aacute;p ghi n?m sinh c?a &ocirc;ng l&agrave; 1948) t?i th&ocirc;n Ch?t Th??ng (palei Baoh Dana), x&atilde; Ph??c H?u, huy?n Ninh Ph??c, t?nh Ninh Thu?n l&agrave; m?t nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u v?n h&oacute;a s? ng??i Ch?m.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Sau khi gia nh?p t? ch?c Fulro t?i Campuchia n?m 1968, &ocirc;ng Qu?ng ??i ?? ??i t&ecirc;n th&agrave;nh Po Dharma. Po theo ti?ng Ph?n c? l&agrave; t&ecirc;n g?i t&ocirc;n k&iacute;nh m?t c?p l&atilde;nh ??o hay m?t ch?c s?c, Dharma ? ?&acirc;y kh&ocirc;ng mang ngh?a Ph?t gi&aacute;o m&agrave; ch? l&agrave; k&yacute; hi?u ti?ng ch?m c?a t&ecirc;n ??i ??. T? ?&oacute; Po Dharma tr? th&agrave;nh t&ecirc;n g?i ch&iacute;nh th?c c?a Qu?ng ??i ?? trong m?i giao d?ch v&agrave; t&aacute;c ph?m nghi&ecirc;n c?u. T?i Ph&aacute;p, t&ecirc;n ch&iacute;nh th?c c?a &ocirc;ng la Po Dharma Quang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;newline&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Xu?t th&acirc;n t? m?t gia ?&igrave;nh n&ocirc;ng d&acirc;n g?m 7 anh ch? em, Po Dharma l&agrave; ng??i duy nh?t trong gia ?&igrave;nh t?t nghi?p ??i h?c. Th&aacute;ng 9/1972 &ocirc;ng ???c ??a sang Ph&aacute;p du h?c v&agrave; theo ?u?i nghi?p nghi&ecirc;n c?u s? v&agrave; v?n h&oacute;a ng??i Ch?m v&ugrave;ng Phan Rang cho ??n khi t? tr?n.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Sinh tr??ng trong l&atilde;nh th? c?a v??ng tri?u Panduranga-Champa c? (Ninh Thu?n v&agrave; B&igrave;nh Thu?n ng&agrave;y nay), Po Dharma ?&atilde; d&agrave;nh tr?n th?i gian c?a ??i m&igrave;nh ?? nghi&ecirc;n c?u v&agrave; ph?c h?i b?n ch?t ch?m trong l&atilde;nh v?c l?ch s? v&agrave; v?n h&oacute;a. &Ocirc;ng l&agrave; t&aacute;c gi? c?a nhi?u c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c?u trong l&atilde;nh v?c n&agrave;y.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Trong th?i gian c&ograve;n l&agrave; h?c sinh, t? 1966 ??n 1968, Po Dharma l&agrave; th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n t&iacute;ch c?c trong phong tr&agrave;o b?o v? v?n h&oacute;a ch?mpa trong m&ocirc;i tr??ng Vi?t Nam ? Phan Rang. Tr?n sang Campuchia th&aacute;ng 9/1968, Po Dharma tham gia phong tr&agrave;o Fulro v&agrave; l&agrave; th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n t&iacute;ch c?c c?a l?c l??ng n&agrave;y t?i x? Ch&ugrave;a Th&aacute;p. T?t nghi?p tr??ng li&ecirc;n qu&acirc;n Cao Mi&ecirc;n (Ecole Militaire Interarmes du Cambodge) n?m 1969 v&agrave; sau nhi?u th??ng t&iacute;ch trong chi?n ??u v&otilde; trang, th&aacute;ng 9/1972 Po Dharma ???c ch&iacute;nh quy?n Lon Nol cho sang Ph&aacute;p du h?c. N?m 1978 &ocirc;ng t?t nghi?p c? nh&acirc;n t?i Ph&acirc;n khoa L?ch s? v&agrave; v?n t? h?c (Sciences historiques et philologiques) thu?c ??i h?c Sorbonne, n?m 1980 ??u cao h?c t?i Tr??ng Cao ??ng th?c h&agrave;nh (Ecole pratique des hautes &eacute;tudes-EPHE) v&agrave; n?m 1986 t?t nghi?p ti?n s? t?i ??i h?c Paris-III (Sorbonne).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;N?m 1972, Po Dharma gia nh?p Tr??ng Vi?n ?&ocirc;ng B&aacute;c C? Ph&aacute;p (Ecole fran&ccedil;aise de l&#039;Extreme-Orient-EFEO) v?i t? c&aacute;ch l&agrave; c?ng t&aacute;c vi&ecirc;n k? thu?t chuy&ecirc;n v? l?ch s? v&agrave; n?n v?n minh Ch?mpa v&agrave; n?m 1982 tr? th&agrave;nh th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n khoa h?c bi&ecirc;n ch? c?a tr??ng. N?m 1987, &ocirc;ng ???c g?i sang M&atilde; Lai ?? m? v&agrave; t? ch?c ?i?u h&agrave;nh chi nh&aacute;nh c?a tr??ng EFEO t?i Kuala Lumpur. Tr? v? l?i Paris n?m 1993, Po Dharma l&agrave; gi?ng vi&ecirc;n t?i Tr??ng Cao ??ng khoa h?c x&atilde; h?i (Ecole des hautes &eacute;tudes en sciences sociales-EHESS).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;N?m 1999, Po Dharma ???c c? l&agrave;m gi&aacute;m ??c chi nh&aacute;nh c?a tr??ng EFEO t?i Kuala Lumpur. N?m 2003, &ocirc;ng l&ecirc;n ch?c Ph&oacute; Gi&aacute;o s? c?a tr??ng EFEO v&agrave; gi?ng d?y t?i nhi?u tr??ng ??i h?c Ph&aacute;p (EFEO, EHESS, INALCO) v&agrave; n??c ngo&agrave;i nh? ??i h?c Malaya, ??i h?c Kebangsaan (M&atilde; Lai), ??i h?c Tokyo (Nh?t B?n), ??i h?c B?c Kinh, Qu?ng Ch&acirc;u, Qu?ng T&acirc;y (Trung Qu?c). &Ocirc;ng c?ng th??ng c&oacute; m?t tr&ecirc;n c&aacute;c di?n ?&agrave;n khoa h?c qu?c t? ? Ch&acirc;u &Acirc;u, Ch&acirc;u &Aacute; v&agrave; Ch&acirc;u M? ?? tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y nh?ng ?? t&agrave;i li&ecirc;n quan ??n Ch?mpa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;V? h?u n?m 2016, Po Dharma ?&atilde; c&ugrave;ng gia ?&igrave;nh d?n nh&agrave; t? Sarcelles, m?t th&agrave;nh ph? ngo?i &ocirc; ph&iacute;a b?c Paris, v? Toulouse, m?t th&agrave;nh ph? n?ng ?m mi?n Nam n??c Ph&aacute;p d??i ch&acirc;n n&uacute;i Pyr&eacute;n&eacute;es.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;B&ecirc;n c?nh chuy&ecirc;n ?? nghi&ecirc;n c?u v&agrave; gi?ng d?y, Po Dharma c&ograve;n n?m trong ph&aacute;i b? tr?c thu?c B? Ngo?i giao Ph&aacute;p ? Kuala Lumpur ?? ?i?u h&agrave;nh ch??ng tr&igrave;nh h?p t&aacute;c song ph??ng Ph&aacute;p-M&atilde; Lai v? v?n ?? x&atilde; h?i v&agrave; nh&acirc;n v?n, ?&agrave;o t?o sinh vi&ecirc;n c?p th?c s? v&agrave; ti?n s? chuy&ecirc;n v? l?ch s? v&agrave; v?n h&oacute;a Ch?mpa v&agrave; t? ch?c h?n 15 h?i th?o qu?c t? v? m?i li&ecirc;n h? gi?a Ch?mpa v&agrave; th? gi?i M&atilde; Lai, ??c bi?t l&agrave; c&aacute;c ngu?n ph??ng ng? ?&ocirc;ng D??ng (Indochina), M&atilde; Lai v&agrave; Nam &Aacute; (Austronesian).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Trong h?n 40 n?m l&agrave;m vi?c trong ng&agrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c?u khoa h?c v&agrave; x&atilde; h?i Ch?mpa, Po Dharma ?&atilde; xu?t b?n 14 t&aacute;c ph?m khoa h?c v? l?ch s? v&agrave; v?n h&oacute;a Ch?mpa ; t?p trung h?n 2.565 trang vi?t b?ng ti?ng Ph&aacute;p v&agrave; song ng? Ph&aacute;p-M&atilde; Lai. &Ocirc;ng c?ng t?ng l&agrave;m ch? bi&ecirc;n c?a 7 c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c?u v? m?i li&ecirc;n h? gi?a Ch?mpa v&agrave; th? gi?i M&atilde; Lai, t?ng c?ng h?n 1.283 trang, 45 b&agrave;i kh?o lu?n ??ng r?i r&aacute;c tr&ecirc;n m?t b&aacute;o ch&iacute; khoa h?c tr&ecirc;n th? gi?i t?p trung g?n 700 trang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;C&aacute;c t&aacute;c ph?m c?a Po Dharma, d?a tr&ecirc;n t&agrave;i li?u l?u tr? v&agrave; b?n th?o vi?t b?ng ch? vi?t tay, t?p trung v&agrave;o l?ch s? v&agrave; n?n v?n minh Ch?mpa t? cu?i th? k? XV ??n ??u th? k? XIX. &Ocirc;ng ?&atilde; c&ugrave;ng v?i Gi&aacute;o s? Pierre-Bernard Lafont th?c hi?n m?t b?n danh m?c g?m c&aacute;c b?n th?o th? vi?n Ph&aacute;p v&agrave; th? m?c v? Ch?mpa v&agrave; Ch?m, m?t b&agrave;i ph&ecirc; b&igrave;nh v? c&aacute;c t&aacute;c ph?m c?a nh?ng ng??i ti&ecirc;n phong nghi&ecirc;n c?u v? ch? ch?m. Ngo&agrave;i ra Po Dharma c&ograve;n cho xu?t b?n m?t t&agrave;i li?u v?n h&oacute;a b?ng ti?ng ch?m c?. Nh?ng c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh ?&oacute;ng g&oacute;p ph?c h?i v&agrave; l?u tr? l?ch s? v&agrave; v?n h&oacute;a ch?m ?&aacute;ng k? nh?t c?a Po Dharma l&agrave; ?&atilde; vi t&iacute;nh h&oacute;a c&aacute;c b?n th?o v&agrave; t&agrave;i li?u l?u tr? b? ?nh h??ng b?i c&aacute;c cu?c t?n c&ocirc;ng c?a th?i gian (B? s?u t?p nghi&ecirc;n c?u c&aacute;c b?n th?o ch?m, b?n sao l?i c&aacute;c b?n th?o ch?m).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;??i v?i nh?ng nh&agrave; s? h?c v&agrave; d&acirc;n t?c h?c, c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c?u khoa h?c v? l?ch s? l&atilde;nh ??a Panduranga-Champa c? (Ninh Thu?n v&agrave; B&igrave;nh Thu?n ng&agrave;y nay) c?a Po Dharma r?t l&agrave; qu&iacute; gi&aacute; v&igrave; t&iacute;nh khoa h?c v&agrave; kh&aacute;ch quan c?a n&oacute;. Po Dharma ?&atilde; ??i chi?u c?a ngu?n s? li?u c?a ho&agrave;ng gia Ch?mpa v?i bi&ecirc;n ni&ecirc;n s? Vi?t Nam, bi&ecirc;n ni&ecirc;n s? Khmer, bi&ecirc;n ni&ecirc;n s? Malay c?ng nh? nh?ng c&acirc;u chuy?n v? du kh&aacute;ch Ch&acirc;u &Acirc;u.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;newline&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;?&agrave;i SBTN ph?ng v?n Ti?n s? Po Dharma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;B&ecirc;n c?nh nh?ng c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh khoa h?c vi?t b?ng ti?ng Ph&aacute;p v&agrave; M&atilde; Lai, Po Dharma c&ograve;n l&agrave; t?ng bi&ecirc;n t?p c?a T?p San Ch?mpaka vi?t b?ng ti?ng Vi?t d&agrave;nh cho ??c gi? Ch?m v&agrave; Vi?t Nam mu?n t&igrave;m hi?u l?ch s? v&agrave; n?n v?n minh Ch?mpa. H&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh v&agrave;o n?m 1999 do IOC-Ch?mpa ?n h&agrave;nh, T?p San Ch?mpaka ra m?t cho ??n h&ocirc;m nay l&agrave; 14 s?, t?p trung nh?ng b&agrave;i vi?t c&oacute; gi&aacute; tr? khoa h?c c?a nh?ng nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u tr&ecirc;n th? gi?i v&agrave; m?t s? tr&iacute; th?c Ch?m ? h?i ngo?i, t?ng c?ng h?n 2.000 trang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Song song v?i tr&aacute;ch nhi?m ?i?u h&agrave;nh T?p san Ch?mpaka, Po Dharma c&ograve;n l&agrave; s&aacute;ng l?p vi&ecirc;n c?a trang web champaka.info, ra m?t v&agrave;o ng&agrave;y 1/4/2012, c? quan ng&ocirc;n lu?n duy nh?t c?a d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m tr&ecirc;n th? gi?i nh?m b?o v? danh d?, quy?n l?i v&agrave; di s?n v?n h&oacute;a c?a d&acirc;n t?c n&agrave;y. Website champaka.info c&ograve;n l&agrave; trung t&acirc;m t? li?u ch?a ??ng h&agrave;ng ng&agrave;n trang c?a b&agrave;i vi?t v? l?ch s? v&agrave; n?n v?n minh Ch?mpa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;C&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh l?n nh?t m&agrave; Po Dharma ?&atilde; th?c hi?n t&aacute;i b?n Archives royales du Champa vi?t t? n?m 1702 cho ??n tri?u ??i T? ??c (1847-1883) t?p trung 4.402 trang vi?t b?ng k&yacute; t? Akhar Thrah Ch?m ???c ch?ng th?c b?i 408 ?n tri?n m&agrave; nh&agrave; Nguy?n ban cho v??ng qu?c Ch?mpa. M?c ti&ecirc;u c?a ch??ng tr&igrave;nh n&agrave;y nh?m tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y m?i trang t? li?u ho&agrave;ng gia c&oacute; h&igrave;nh nguy&ecirc;n g?c, k&egrave;m theo b?n chuy?n ng? Latin v&agrave; ph?n t&oacute;m t?t v? n?i dung.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;S? ra ?i c?a Po Dharma l&agrave; m?t m?t m&aacute;t l?n cho d&acirc;n t?c Vi?t Nam, &ocirc;ng l&agrave; m?t tr&iacute; th?c, m?t nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u l&agrave;m vi?c c&oacute; ph??ng ph&aacute;p, nh?ng c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c?u c?a &ocirc;ng mang t&iacute;nh kh&aacute;ch quan v&agrave; khoa h?c x?ng ?&aacute;ng l&agrave; nh?ng t&agrave;i li?u tham kh?o c&oacute; gi&aacute; tr?.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;??i v?i c?ng ??ng ng??i Ch?m, s? ra ?i c?a Po Dharma c&ograve;n h?n m?t s? m?t m&aacute;t, ?&oacute; l&agrave; s? h?t h?ng v? l&atilde;nh ??o tinh th?n v&agrave; v?n h&oacute;a. C?ng may l&agrave; Po Dharma ?&atilde; ?? l?i cho c&aacute;c th? h? tr? ch?m m?t gia t&agrave;i v?n h&oacute;a kh?ng l? c?n ph?i gi? g&igrave;n v&agrave; vinh danh trong l&ograve;ng d&acirc;n t?c Vi?t Nam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Nguy?n V?n Huy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Ngu?n : Facebook&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2466/po-dharma-khã´ng-cã²n-ná»¯a/</guid>
			<pubDate>Sat, 23 Feb 2019 03:51:14 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>prancham</dc:creator>
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			<title>Æ¯u tÆ° cá»§a Cha Máº¹ ChÄƒm - LÃ m sao cho con cÃ¡i mÃ¬nh duy trÃ¬ tiáº¿ng ChÄƒm vá» sau?</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2464/æ¯u-tæ°-cá»§a-cha-máº¹-chäƒm-lã m-sao-cho-con-cã¡i-mã¬nh-duy-trã¬-tiáº¿ng-c/</link>
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&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Written by&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Ysa Cosiem&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;K&iacute;nh th?a Mikwa deixaai,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Nh&acirc;n th?y m?t c&aacute;i video chi?u c?nh con n&iacute;t Ch?m ? Seattle x?p h&agrave;ng l?y ?? ?n, trong khi x?p h&agrave;ng ch&uacute;ng n&oacute;i chuy?n v?i nhau b?ng ti?ng Anh, v&agrave; ng??i l?n c?ng x? d?ng ti?ng Anh v?i c&aacute;c ch&aacute;u, t&ocirc;i s?c ngh?....n?u th? h? Cha M? ch&uacute;ng ch?t ?i th&igrave; ch&uacute;ng c&oacute; c&ograve;n nh?n m&igrave;nh l&agrave; Ch?m n?a kh&ocirc;ng khi ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n kh&ocirc;ng bi?t n&oacute;i v&agrave; vi?t ti?ng Ch?m?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T&ocirc;i ngh? l&agrave; do s? gi&aacute;o d?c c?a gia ?&igrave;nh m&agrave; ra. Cha M? ch&uacute;ng qu&aacute; b?n r?n v?i m?u sinh h?ng ng&agrave;y r?i b? m?c ch&uacute;ng n&oacute;i g&igrave; th&igrave; n&oacute;i, nh?ng khi anh Dave Paulson, m?t Ti?n S? sinh ?ang nghi&ecirc;n c?u v? ng&ocirc;n ng? h?c c&oacute; cho t&ocirc;i xem m?t b&agrave;i kh?o c?u c?a m?t Ti?n S? ngo?i qu?c ??nh c? ? M? v? t&igrave;nh tr?ng con c&aacute;i c?a nh?ng nh?p c? ???c sinh ? M? th??ng m?t ?i kh? n?ng song ng?, trong khi Cha Me ch&uacute;ng th&igrave; l?i c&oacute; kh? n?ng song ng? cao h?n ch&uacute;ng. B&agrave;i ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch n&agrave;y d?a v&agrave;o c&aacute;c cu?c kh?o s&aacute;t v&agrave; ph?ng v?n v?i di d&acirc;n ng??i M? t?i M? cho ta ch&uacute;t le l&oacute;i hy v?ng l&agrave; n?u ta bi?t c&aacute;c khuy?t ?i?m th&igrave; c&oacute; th? tr&aacute;nh v&agrave; c&oacute; th? gi&uacute;p con ch&aacute;u Ch?m trao gi?i v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri?n kh? n?ng song ng?, v?a n&oacute;i ti?ng Anh ? x&atilde; h?i v?a l?u lo&aacute;t trong ti?ng M? ?? c?a ch&uacute;ng.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T&ocirc;i c? g?ng d?ch theo kh? n?ng. N?u mikwa deixaai n&agrave;o th?y l?i xin com hay inbox cho t&ocirc;i bi?t ?? s?a l?i. R?t c&aacute;m ?n!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Naples, Italy 2/8/2019&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;YC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;-------------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;QUY T?C BA-TH? H?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;(B&agrave;i d?ch ti?ng Vi?t ng&agrave;y 8 th&aacute;ng Hai n?m 2019 do Ysa Cosiem)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;B&agrave;i n&agrave;y b?ng ti?ng Anh ???c ??ng b?i Blogger c&oacute; bi?t danh l&agrave; Communitylove2015 (t&ecirc;n th?t Diana, l&agrave; m?t ng??i nh?p c? v&agrave;o Hoa K?) tr&ecirc;n Blog mang t&ecirc;n &quot;BE BILINGUAL !!&quot; ng&agrave;y 29 th&aacute;ng 3 n?m 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Source:&nbsp;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;&quot; href=&quot;https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fbilingualcommunity.wordpress.com%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR3dswcXkP2IVgv_Ffbx2SuGqas3D5rigB2FgJcYRG9VyZZ1IbOW643uNjU&amp;h=AT04Q9ATn-M6yobye_c48CJhcZYK6zBPnlt0LV3S2ml_bjhcTUDzX7xKOKTU6hnYEHZ8dg-Cj_yrrEqQEhDwcRj3po3SgNgeUEmWx10XtMeq-5_Rnp4iGK-Dyfd8VqRMjAymn2Pe2bWtMlD6MkLq21MqCkK5Uv08fmSfkuk8JXgvHQ&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener nofollow&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&quot; data-lynx-mode=&quot;asynclazy&quot;&gt;https://bilingualcommunity.wordpress.com/&lt;/a&gt;&hellip;/three-generatio&hellip;/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T?i sao m?t s? cha m? song ng? c&oacute; th? nu&ocirc;i d?y tr? song ng? trong khi nh?ng ng??i kh&aacute;c kh&ocirc;ng th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T&ocirc;i ?&atilde; t?ng c&oacute; gi? ??nh r?ng m?i ng??i l?n l&ecirc;n trong m?t gia ?&igrave;nh song ng? s? t? nhi&ecirc;n tr? th&agrave;nh song ng?. Nh?ng ?i?u ?&oacute; l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng ?&uacute;ng s? th?t. Trong su?t nh?ng n?m qua, t&ocirc;i ?&atilde; s?ng ? Hoa K?, ??t n??c ?a v?n h&oacute;a, t&ocirc;i ?&atilde; g?p nhi?u ng??i c&oacute; cha m? v&agrave; &ocirc;ng b&agrave; n&oacute;i chuy?n v?i h? b?ng ng&ocirc;n ng? m? ?? c?a h?. Th?t ng?c nhi&ecirc;n, khi t&ocirc;i ch? g?p m?t s? ng??i c&oacute; th? n&oacute;i c? hai ng&ocirc;n ng? (ti?ng Anh v&agrave; ng&ocirc;n ng? b?n ??a c?a gia ?&igrave;nh h?) m?t c&aacute;ch ho&agrave;n h?o. H?u h?t h? ch? c&oacute; th? n&oacute;i m?t v&agrave;i t? v&agrave;/ho?c hi?u ng&ocirc;n ng? m? ?? c?a h? m&agrave; th&ocirc;i!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Nh&igrave;n quanh t&igrave;m m?t nghi&ecirc;n c?u c&oacute; th? cho t&ocirc;i c&aacute;i nh&igrave;n s&acirc;u s?c v? hi?n t??ng n&agrave;y, t&ocirc;i th?y m?t nghi&ecirc;n c?u c?a Nh&oacute;m nghi&ecirc;n c?u song ng? thu?c ??i h?c Miami (BSG) (Miami Bilingualism Study Group). Trong nghi&ecirc;n c?u c?a h?, c&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u ?&atilde; tuy?n d?ng 25 em b&eacute; trong c&aacute;c gia ?&igrave;nh song ng? v&agrave; theo d&otilde;i s? ti?n b? c?a ch&uacute;ng cho ??n khi l&ecirc;n 3. Trong nhi?u n?m, h? ?&atilde; quan s&aacute;t t?t c? c&aacute;c em b&eacute; h?c n&oacute;i c&aacute;c t? v&agrave; c&aacute;c c?m t? b?ng c? ti?ng Anh v&agrave; ti?ng T&acirc;y Ban Nha, nh?ng khi ??n 3 tu?i, m?t v&agrave;i trong s? c&aacute;c em b&eacute; ?&atilde; ng?ng s? d?ng ti?ng T&acirc;y Ban Nha. Ch&uacute;ng kh&ocirc;ng ?? tho?i m&aacute;i trong ng&ocirc;n ng? th? hai ?? tr? l?i cha m? ho?c c&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u b?ng ng&ocirc;n ng? ?&oacute;, c&ograve;n &iacute;t h?n n?a khi ch&uacute;ng t? t??ng t&aacute;c b?ng ti?ng T&acirc;y Ban Nha.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i bi?t r?ng tr? em d? d&agrave;ng ti?p thu ng&ocirc;n ng? ?a s?, ngay c? khi cha m? ch&uacute;ng kh&ocirc;ng th? n&oacute;i ???c ng&ocirc;n ng? ?&oacute;. Ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i bi?t r?ng tr? em c&oacute; m?t kh? n?ng tuy?t v?i ?? h?c ng&ocirc;n ng?. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, t?i sao m?t s? tr? em l?n l&ecirc;n trong c&aacute;c gia ?&igrave;nh song ng? h?c c? hai ng&ocirc;n ng?, trong khi nh?ng ng??i kh&aacute;c th&igrave; kh&ocirc;ng? ?i?u g&igrave; t?o ra nh?ng k?t qu? kh&aacute;c nhau? C&aacute;c y?u t? ch&iacute;nh gi&uacute;p thi?t l?p song ng? ? tr? em l&agrave; g&igrave;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;C&ocirc; Barbara Zurer Pearson, t? Khoa Ng&ocirc;n ng? h?c, ??i h?c Massachusetts ?&atilde; c&ocirc;ng b? m?t nghi&ecirc;n c?u t&igrave;m c&aacute;ch tr? l?i nh?ng c&acirc;u h?i n&agrave;y. C&ocirc; gi?i th&iacute;ch hi?n t??ng n&agrave;y th&ocirc;ng qua n?m y?u t? ch&iacute;nh: ?&atilde; c&oacute; s?n, t&igrave;nh tr?ng ng&ocirc;n ng?, ti?p c?n v?i vi?c ??c vi?t, s? d?ng ng&ocirc;n ng? gia ?&igrave;nh v&agrave; h? tr? c?ng ??ng.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T? C&Oacute; S?N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&quot;T? c&oacute; s?n&quot; ? ?&acirc;y c&oacute; ngh?a l&agrave; s? l??ng ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s? c&oacute; s?n t? nh?ng ng??i th&acirc;n xung quanh (?o&agrave;n t&ugrave;y t&ugrave;ng) c&aacute;c tr? em. R&otilde; r&agrave;ng l&agrave; c&agrave;ng cho nhi?u ??u v&agrave;o, c&agrave;ng h?c h?i th&ecirc;m, v&agrave; do ?&oacute; c&agrave;ng th&agrave;nh th?o. N?u tr? em c?m th?y tho?i m&aacute;i khi s? d?ng ng&ocirc;n ng?, ch&uacute;ng s? nh&eacute;t th&ecirc;m v&agrave;o ??u, h?c nhi?u h?n, v&agrave; ch&uacute;ng s? tr? n&ecirc;n th&agrave;nh th?o h?n. TH&Aacute;I ?? C?A CHA M?, ANH CH? EM V&Agrave; B?N B&Egrave; C?NG R?T QUAN TR?NG ?? T?O RA C&Aacute;C T? V?NG C&Oacute; S?N ?&Oacute;. N?U H? CHIA S? TH&Aacute;I ?? TI&Ecirc;U C?C ??I V?I M?T NG&Ocirc;N NG?, H? S? L&Agrave;M GI?M ?I C&Aacute;C T? C&Oacute; S?N V&Agrave;O ??U C&Aacute;C EM, ?I?U N&Agrave;Y S? D?N ??N VI?C CH&Uacute;NG KH&Ocirc;NG H&Agrave;O H?NG S? D?NG NG&Ocirc;N NG?, THU H&Uacute;T &Iacute;T V&Agrave;O ??U H?N V&Agrave; L&Agrave;M GI?M KH? N?NG H?C T?P TH&Agrave;NH TH?O. DO ?&Oacute;, N?U CH&Uacute;NG TA, V?I T? C&Aacute;CH L&Agrave; CHA M?, MU?N NU&Ocirc;I D?Y M?T ??A TR? SONG NG?, CH&Uacute;NG TA PH?I TH&Uacute;C ??Y NG&Ocirc;N NG? THI?U S? V&Agrave; T?O ?I?U KI?N CHO VI?C S? D?NG N&Oacute; XUNG QUANH ??A TR?.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T&Igrave;NH TR?NG NG&Ocirc;N NG?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;N&oacute;i chung, t? l? ti?p x&uacute;c v?i ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s? c?a c&aacute;c em n&agrave;y c?n ph?i nhi?u h?n so v?i ti?p x&uacute;c ng&ocirc;n ng? ?a s?, v&agrave; l&yacute; do r?t ??n gi?n. Ch&uacute;ng ta hi?n nay b? ch&igrave;m ??m trong ng&ocirc;n ng? ?a s?. T?t c? m&ocirc;i tr??ng c?a ch&uacute;ng ta ??u b?ng ti?ng Anh; t? truy?n h&igrave;nh, tr??ng h?c, qu?ng c&aacute;o, b?n b&egrave;, cho ??n t?t c? m?i th? kh&aacute;c. ?&ocirc;i khi, v&igrave; s? t? nh? trong l&uacute;c tr&ograve; chuy?n c&oacute; s? hi?n di?n c?a nh?ng ng??i ch? n&oacute;i m?t ng&ocirc;n ng? (??n ng?), ch&uacute;ng ta kh&oacute; c&oacute; th? s? d?ng ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s? ? n?i c&ocirc;ng c?ng v?i con c&aacute;i ta v&igrave; kh&ocirc;ng mu?n th? hi?n s? thi?u t&ocirc;n tr?ng tr??c nh?ng ng??i ??n ng? ?ang tr&ograve; chuy?n v?i ch&uacute;ng ta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;H?n n?a, s?c h?p d?n t? nhi&ecirc;n c?a ng&ocirc;n ng? ?a s? ??i v?i tr? r?t m?nh m?. Theo m?t nghi&ecirc;n c?u, c&oacute; nhi?u kh? n?ng tr? em song ng? c&ugrave;ng chung m?t ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s? s? n&oacute;i ti?ng Anh ho?c m?t ng&ocirc;n ng? ?a s? trong c&aacute;c cu?c tr&ograve; chuy?n ri&ecirc;ng t? c?a ch&uacute;ng khi kh&ocirc;ng b? gi&aacute;m s&aacute;t. Ch?ng h?n nh? m?t trong nh?ng ??ng nghi?p c?a t&ocirc;i l&agrave;m vi?c c&oacute; hai b&eacute; g&aacute;i, 4 v&agrave; 7 tu?i. Khi ch&uacute;ng ? trong l?p, ch&uacute;ng n&oacute;i ti?ng T&acirc;y Ban Nha. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, ti?ng Anh l&agrave; ng&ocirc;n ng? ?a th&iacute;ch c?a ch&uacute;ng khi ra s&acirc;n ch?i c?a tr??ng.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Y?U T? NG&Ocirc;N NG?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T&agrave;i li?u b?ng v?n b?n trong m?t ng&ocirc;n ng?, cho d&ugrave; trong v?n ch??ng cho tr? em hay tr&ecirc;n ph??ng ti?n truy?n th&ocirc;ng ??i ch&uacute;ng, ??u c&oacute; th? b?i b? th&ecirc;m c&aacute;c &quot;T? c&oacute; s?n&quot; v&agrave;o ??u ngay c? khi ? n?i kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; nhi?u ng??i n&oacute;i ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s? ?&oacute;. ??i v?i tr? l?n h?n m?t ch&uacute;t, ??c s&aacute;ch c?ng l&agrave; m?t s? c?ng c? quan tr?ng v? k? n?ng ng&ocirc;n ng? c?a ch&uacute;ng, v&agrave; g&oacute;p ph?n l&agrave;m ch&uacute;ng th&agrave;nh th?o v&agrave; duy tr&igrave; ng&ocirc;n ng? h?n. Tr&ecirc;n th?c t?, k? n?ng ??c m?t ng&ocirc;n ng? c?ng ???c d&ugrave;ng ?? &aacute;p d?ng khi ??c m?t ng&ocirc;n ng? kh&aacute;c theo t&agrave;i li?u &quot;Ng&ocirc;n ng? v&agrave; kh? n?ng ??c vi?t c?a tr? em song ng? (LLBC; Cobo-Lewis, Eilers, Pearson, &amp; Umbel, 2002),&quot; nh?ng ??a tr? h?c ??c b?ng c? ti?ng Anh l?n ti?ng T&acirc;y Ban Nha ??t ?i?m cao h?n m?t c&aacute;ch ?&aacute;ng k? trong vi?c ??c b?ng ti?ng Anh c?ng nh? ti?ng T&acirc;y Ban Nha.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Vai tr&ograve; c?a gia ?&igrave;nh trong song ng?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Y?U T? GIA ?&Igrave;NH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;?i?u c?n thi?t l&agrave; gia ?&igrave;nh t?o ?i?u ki?n giao ti?p ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s? ?? h? tr? vi?c h?c c?a c&aacute;c con em m&igrave;nh. Tr&ecirc;n th?c t?, c&oacute; m?t l&yacute; thuy?t g?i l&agrave; Quy t?c ba th? h?, g?i &yacute; r?ng th? h? ??u ti&ecirc;n (th??ng l&agrave; ng??i di c? ??n Hoa K?) c&oacute; ph?n n&agrave;o song ng?, nh?ng h? v?n th&iacute;ch giao ti?p b?ng ti?ng m? ?? h?n. Con c&aacute;i c?a h?, th? h? th? hai, c&oacute; th&ocirc;ng th?o song ng?, v&agrave; ch&aacute;u c?a h?, th? h? th? ba, s? l&agrave; ??n ng? s? d?ng ng&ocirc;n ng? ?a s?, v&agrave; ch&uacute;ng ch? n&oacute;i v&agrave; hi?u m?t v&agrave;i t? trong di s?n ng&ocirc;n ng? c?a ch&uacute;ng.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;?i?u quan tr?ng l&agrave; ph?i ti?p x&uacute;c v?i nh?ng ng??i ch? n&oacute;i m?t ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s?. Trong c&aacute;c gia ?&igrave;nh c&oacute; c? b? v&agrave; m? ch? n&oacute;i ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s? ? nh&agrave; v&agrave; ??c bi?t l&agrave; n?u kh? n?ng n&oacute;i ti?ng Anh c?a h? b? h?n ch?, th&igrave; h?u nh? l&agrave; s? lu&ocirc;n c&oacute; s? t??ng t&aacute;c ?? h? tr? vi?c h?c ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s?. ?&oacute; l&agrave; nh?ng tr??ng h?p tr? em ?&oacute;ng vai tr&ograve; l&agrave; ng??i phi&ecirc;n d?ch cho b? m? ch&uacute;ng. Kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; g&igrave; l? khi ta th?y m?t ng??i ph? n? trong m?t c?a h&agrave;ng y&ecirc;u c?u con c?a m&igrave;nh l&agrave;m th&ocirc;ng d?ch v?i nh&acirc;n vi&ecirc;n c?a c?a h&agrave;ng.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, ch? v?i m?t ng??i n&oacute;i ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s? ho?c c? hai cha m? th&ocirc;ng th?o song ng?, m&ocirc;i tr??ng ng&ocirc;n ng? ? nh&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; g&igrave; ch?c ch?n h?n v&agrave; &iacute;t c&oacute; kh? n?ng cung c?p ??u ?? &quot;t? c&oacute; s?n&quot; cho nh?ng ng??i ?ang h?c song ng?.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Y?U T? C?NG ??NG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;M?t c?ng ??ng k?t n?i v&agrave; th?ng nh?t c?a nh?ng ng??i n&oacute;i chung m?t ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s? s? th?c s? c&oacute; th? th&uacute;c ??y con em ch&uacute;ng ta s? d?ng ng&ocirc;n ng? ?&oacute;. Ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; th? th?y nhi?u c?ng ??ng tr&ecirc;n kh?p Hoa K?: nh? c&aacute;c khu v?c T&acirc;y Ban Nha ? Florida, khu Japantown ? San Francisco ho?c khu Little Tokyo ? Los Angeles, c&aacute;c khu c?ng ??ng Ba Lan v&agrave; Czech c?a South Broadway (Cleveland), hay khu ph? T&agrave;u ? Th&agrave;nh ph? New York... ch&uacute;ng ta bi?t ?&oacute; l&agrave; nh?ng khu ph? ho?c khu v?c m&agrave; d&acirc;n c? l&agrave; ??i ?a s? di d&acirc;n t? c&aacute;c qu?c gia ?&oacute; tr&ecirc;n th? gi?i. Kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; g&igrave; l? khi th?y nh?ng ng??i s?ng ? nh?ng khu v?c ch?a bao gi? c&oacute; nhu c?u n&oacute;i ti?ng Anh v&igrave; nh?ng c?ng ??ng n&agrave;y cung c?p cho nh?ng ng??i n&oacute;i ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s? ?&oacute; m?t n?n kinh t? v&agrave; d?ch v? n?i h? c&oacute; th? t??ng t&aacute;c v&agrave; s?ng b?ng ng&ocirc;n ng? m? ?? c?a h?. Tr? em s?ng trong c&aacute;c khu v?c n&agrave;y m?c d&ugrave; ???c ti?p x&uacute;c v?i ng&ocirc;n ng? ?a s? ? tr??ng h?c nh?ng ch&uacute;ng l?i h?p th? ???c th?t nhi?u ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s?.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, c&oacute; m?t s? khu v?c tr&ecirc;n ??t n??c n?i t?p trung ch? y?u l&agrave; c&aacute;c c&aacute; nh&acirc;n sinh ra ? M?, v?n thu h&uacute;t r?t nhi?u ng??i n??c ngo&agrave;i. Nh?ng ng??i m?i n&agrave;y th??ng h&ograve;a nh?p d? d&agrave;ng h?n v&agrave;o x&atilde; h?i M? nh?ng h? c?m th?y r?t kh&oacute; truy?n l?i di s?n v?n h&oacute;a v&agrave; ng&ocirc;n ng? c?a h? cho con c&aacute;i do thi?u ti?p x&uacute;c v?i c?ng ??ng. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, h? v?n c&oacute; th? t?o ra m?t c?ng ??ng x&atilde; h?i ?? thi?t l?p m?t b?i c?nh h?u duy tr&igrave; ng&ocirc;n ng? v&agrave; v?n h&oacute;a thi?u s?. M?t y?u t? ch&iacute;nh c?a s? h? tr? do c?ng ??ng cung c?p cho m?t ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s? l&agrave; vi?c gi&aacute;o d?c. Ch&uacute;ng ta n&ecirc;n c&oacute; s?n c&aacute;c ch??ng tr&igrave;nh gi&aacute;o d?c ng&ocirc;n ng? song h&agrave;nh ?? ??m b?o r?ng con c&aacute;i ch&uacute;ng ta ???c h?c c? hai ng&ocirc;n ng? ? tr&igrave;nh ?? h?c thu?t.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Nghi&ecirc;n c?u ???c th?c hi?n gi?a c?ng ??ng Latin ? Miami cho th?y m?c d&ugrave; c&oacute; s?c m?nh kinh t? v&agrave; ch&iacute;nh tr?, nh?ng c?ng ??ng n&agrave;y h?u nh? kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; tr??ng n&agrave;o cung c?p c&aacute;c ch??ng tr&igrave;nh song ng?. H?n n?a, n&oacute; k?t lu?n r?ng ti?ng T&acirc;y Ban Nha ?ang b? m?t ? Miami th?m ch&iacute; c&ograve;n nhanh h?n c? quy t?c ba th? h? s? d? ?o&aacute;n, ch? y?u l&agrave; v&igrave; c?ng ??ng d??ng nh? kh&ocirc;ng nh?n ra m?c ?? ?e d?a ??i v?i ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s?. M?i d?u hi?u ch? ra cho th?y r?ng tr? em s? h?c ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s? khi cha m? ch&uacute;ng n? l?c v&agrave; c&oacute; &yacute; th?c giao ti?p ng&ocirc;n ng? thi?u s? v?i ch&uacute;ng. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, n?u cha m? ch&uacute;ng kh&ocirc;ng n? l?c, th&igrave; ng&ocirc;n ng? ?a s? s? th?ng tr?. N&oacute;i c&aacute;ch kh&aacute;c, trong khi tr? em c&oacute; kh? n?ng t? nhi&ecirc;n duy nh?t ?? h?c nhi?u ng&ocirc;n ng?, th&igrave; qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh n&agrave;y kh&ocirc;ng ph?i l&agrave; ph&eacute;p thu?t; m&agrave; n&oacute; c?n c&oacute; th?i gian, s? t&aacute;i l?p v&agrave; t?p trung ?? nu&ocirc;i d??ng kh? n?ng song ng? ? tr? em.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Nghi&ecirc;n c?u ??y ?? c&oacute; th? ???c t&igrave;m th?y &lt;/span&gt;trong&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; li&ecirc;n k?t &lt;/span&gt;sau&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;:&nbsp;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;&quot; href=&quot;https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umass.edu%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1HidL5IQ2KxmXc0Ksl9-XHWYF13Qe_W8YM80h29JhNpnEWj6WXGz2t-bo&amp;h=AT04Uj2xZAiVN6f88A7gCdq-IkiMEGv5snrX-y2CH2NZBL3GUrQc5WfpJ91WvUb-XCfnte_qK7fJ1EjOTc-KkYOSfiY3A17Hs1id1ANkBPAbywChtzYgRyuaQDf1Ff7ERvNZfT2uUDarErQBD9XkbSd3zTuw0xL8HP370uhuniNpHw&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener nofollow&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&quot; data-lynx-mode=&quot;asynclazy&quot;&gt;http://www.umass.edu/&lt;/a&gt;&hellip;/Pearson_social_circumstances_APPolog&hellip;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;----------------------------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;THREE-GENERATION RULE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;March 29, &lt;/span&gt;2015&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; posted by Blogger communitylove2015 (real name Diana, an immigrant to the US) on the BE BILINGUAL!! blog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;I used to have the assumption that every person raised in a bilingual family would become naturally bilingual. But that is not true. During all these years I have lived in the United States, the country of multiculturalism par excellence, I have come across many people whose parents and grandparents spoke to them in their native language. To my surprise, I only met some that can speak both languages (English and their families&rsquo; native language) perfectly. Most of them can only speak a few words and/or understand their native language!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Looking around for a study that could give me some insight into this phenomenon, I found one by the University of Miami Bilingualism Study Group (BSG). In their study, researchers recruited 25 babies in bilingual families and followed their progress until age 3. Over the years, they observed all the babies learning words and phrases in both English and Spanish, but by the age of 3 years, several of them had stopped using Spanish. They were not comfortable enough in the second language to answer their parents or the researchers in that language, much less initiate an interaction in Spanish themselves.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;We know that children easily pick up the majority language, even if their parents cannot speak it. We know that children have an amazing ability to learn languages. Yet why is it that some children raised in bilingual families learn both languages, while others do not? What create these different outcomes? What are the key factors that help establish bilingualism in children?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Barbara Zurer Pearson, from the Department of Linguistics, University of Massachusetts published a study that seeks to answer these questions. She explained the phenomenon through five key factors: input, language status, access to literacy, family language use, and community support.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;INPUT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;Input&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; means the quantity of minority language that is available in the children&rsquo;s entourage. It is obvious that the more input, the more learning, and consequently the more proficiency. If children feel comfortable using the language, they will invite more input so they will learn more and they will become more proficient. Attitudes of parents, siblings, and peers are very important to create &lt;/span&gt;input&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;. If they share negative attitudes towards a language, they will be subtracting input, which will lead to less enthusiasm for using the language, attract less input, and decrease learning and proficiency. Therefore, if we, as parents, want to raise a bilingual child, we have to promote the minority language and facilitate its use around the child.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;LANGUAGE STATUS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;In general, children need a greater percentage of exposure to the minority language than in the majority language, and the reason is simple. We are immersed in the majority language. All our environment is in English; television, school, advertisements, friends, and just about everything else. Sometimes it&rsquo;s even difficult to use the minority language in public with your child because you don&rsquo;t want to show disrespect to the monolinguals involved in the conversation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Further, the natural attraction of the majority language for the child is very powerful. According to the same study, it is more likely that bilingual children sharing the same minority language will speak English or the majority language between themselves in private unregulated conversations. For instance, one of my colleagues &lt;/span&gt;of&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; work has two girls of 4 and 7 years old. When they are in class, they speak Spanish. However, English is their language of preference when they are playing in the school&rsquo;s playground.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;LANGUAGE FACTORS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Written materials in a language, whether in children&rsquo;s literature or mass media, can extend input even in the absence of many language speakers. For slightly older children, reading is an important consolidator of their language &lt;/span&gt;skills,&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; and contributes to both greater proficiency and retention of a language. In fact, reading skills transfer from one language to another and according to &ldquo;Language and Literacy in Bilingual Children&rdquo; (LLBC; Cobo-Lewis, Eilers, Pearson, &amp; Umbel, 2002), children who learned to read in both English and Spanish scored significantly higher in reading in English as well as Spanish.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Family&#039;s role in bilingualism&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;FAMILY FACTORS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;It is essential that the family provides enough minority language interaction to support learning it. In fact, there is a theory called &ldquo;the three-generation rules&rdquo; that suggests that the first generation (typically emigrants who came to &lt;/span&gt;United&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; States) are somewhat bilingual, but they remain strongly dominant in their native language. Their children, the second generation, are fluently bilingual, and their grandchildren, the third generation, will be monolingual in the majority language and will only speak and understand a few words in the heritage language.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;It is crucial to have contact with monolingual speakers of the minority language. In families where both parents speak the minority language at home, and especially if their ability to speak English is limited, it will almost always be sufficient interaction in that language to support minority language learning. These are these cases where the children act as &ldquo;interpreters&rdquo; of their parents. It is not uncommon to see a woman in a store and asking her child to interpreter between her and the shop clerk.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;However, with only one speaker of the minority language, or two fluently bilingual parents, the language environment of the home is more uncertain, and is less likely, on its own, to provide a bilingual learner with enough input.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;COMMUNITY FACTORS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;A connected and united community of minority language speakers can really motivate our children to use that language. We can see many of these communities throughout &lt;/span&gt;United&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; States: the Hispanic enclaves in Florida, Japantown in San Francisco or Little Tokyo in Los Angeles, the Polish and Czech communities of South Broadway (Cleveland), Chinatown in New York City&hellip;we all know of that part of the city or area where there is a predominance of emigrants from a specific part of the world. It is not uncommon to find people living in those areas who have never had the need to speak English because these communities provide minority language speakers with an economy and services where they can interact and live using their native language. Children living in these enclaves are exposed to the majority language at school but are otherwise immersed in the minority language.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;However, there are some areas of the country populated predominantly with American born individuals &lt;/span&gt;which&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; still attract foreigners. Those newcomers normally get integrated easier into the American society but they find it very difficult to pass on their cultural and language heritage to their children due to the lack of community exposure. Yet, they can still create a social community in order to &lt;/span&gt;stablish&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; a context to maintain the minority language and culture. A key element of community support provided to a minority language is through education. We should have dual language education programs available to make sure that our children are learning both languages at an academic level.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;The study conducted among the Latin community in Miami found that despite their economic and political power, these communities have almost no schools that offer bilingual programs. Furthermore, it concludes that Spanish is being lost in Miami even faster than the three-generation rule would predict, mainly because the community does not seem to recognize the level of threat to the minority language. Every indication points out that children learn the minority language when parents make a conscious effort to expose the language to them. However, if parents don&rsquo;t make the effort, the &lt;/span&gt;majority&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; language will take over. In other words, while children have a unique natural ability to learn multiple languages, the process is not magic; it takes time, repetition, and focus to nurture bilingualism in children.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Source: Facebook.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2464/æ¯u-tæ°-cá»§a-cha-máº¹-chäƒm-lã m-sao-cho-con-cã¡i-mã¬nh-duy-trã¬-tiáº¿ng-c/</guid>
			<pubDate>Sat, 09 Feb 2019 06:01:12 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>Kaka</dc:creator>
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			<title>Chiáº¿n tranh giá»¯a ChiÃªm ThÃ nh vÃ  Trung Quá»‘c</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2462/chiáº¿n-tranh-giá»¯a-chiãªm-thã nh-vã -trung-quá»‘c/</link>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&quot;Chi?n Tranh Gi?a Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh v&agrave; Trung Qu?c&quot; (Suu Tam)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;newline&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;V??ng qu?c Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh x?a nh&igrave;n v&agrave;o nh?ng c? v?t v&agrave; nh?ng di t&iacute;ch c&ograve;n s&oacute;t l?i ta th?y kho?ng th?i gian ??c l?p th&igrave; ng??i Champa r?t h&ugrave;ng m?nh v&agrave; c??ng th?nh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;L?ch s? Chi?n tranh gi?a Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh v&agrave; trung qu?c ng??i Champa ?&atilde; in ??m d?u ?n cho Trung Qu?c, h?n nhi?u ng??i s? ?n t??ng v?i b? t&oacute;c kh&aacute; k? l? c?a c&aacute;nh m&agrave;y r&acirc;u v?i ph?n tr??c ???c c?o nh?n th&iacute;n, ph&iacute;a sau l&agrave; b&iacute;m t&oacute;c ?u&ocirc;i sam d&agrave;i th??t.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;V&igrave; sao ?&agrave;n &ocirc;ng b?y gi? l?i ?? b? t&oacute;c ??c ?&aacute;o, k? l? nh? v?y? &Yacute; ngh?a th?c s? c?a n&oacute; ra sao?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;C&oacute; m?t truy?n thuy?t li&ecirc;n quan ??n th&aacute;p Poklaong Garay k? r?ng ng&agrave;y x?a ? Palei Cakling c&oacute; hai &ocirc;ng b&agrave; t&ecirc;n Ong Kuak v&agrave; Muk Peng d&ugrave; ?&atilde; cao ni&ecirc;n nh?ng ch?a c&oacute; con. M?t l?n ra bi?n m&ograve; cua b?t ?c &ocirc;ng b&agrave; th?y c&oacute; m?t ??a b&eacute; ?ang tr&ocirc;i tr&ecirc;n b?t n??c b&egrave;n ?em v? nu&ocirc;i v&agrave; ??t t&ecirc;n l&agrave; Karit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Karit l?n l&ecirc;n tr? th&agrave;nh m?t c&ocirc; g&aacute;i xinh ??p, n?t na n&ecirc;n ???c nhi?u ng??i qu&yacute; m?n. M?t h&ocirc;m, Karit c&ugrave;ng cha v&agrave;o r?ng h&aacute;i c?i. Tr?i n&oacute;ng n?c, hai cha con kh&aacute;t n??c nh?ng chung quanh l?i kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; s&ocirc;ng su?i. B?ng Karit th?y m?t t?ng ?&aacute; b&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n ??ng &iacute;t n??c trong, li?n ??n u?ng. L? thay n&agrave;ng u?ng ??n ?&acirc;u n??c trong ?&aacute; tr&agrave;n ra ??n ?&oacute;. t? nhi&ecirc;n c&ocirc; g&aacute;i th? thai. T?i th&aacute;ng, t?i ng&agrave;y, c&ocirc; sinh ???c m?t b&eacute; trai c&oacute; s?c m?nh si&ecirc;u nhi&ecirc;n, Trung Qu?c nghe ???c tin n??c Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh sinh ra m?t ng??i t&agrave;i r?i d?n d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng qua ?&aacute;nh n??c Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh m?t l?n n?a..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Cho d&ugrave; Po Klaong Garay c&oacute; t&agrave;i ??n m?y Po c?ng kh&ocirc;ng bao gi? x&acirc;m chi?m ?c hi?p n??c y?u h?n m&igrave;nh, d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng ta th?y Trung qu?c ??a qu&acirc;n ??n r?t ?&ocirc;ng ?? ?&aacute;nh n??c Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh, ng??i d&acirc;n Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh th?y ng??i Trung qu?c t&agrave;n b?o hung h?ng khi?p s? ch?y ??n c?u tr? Po Klaong Garay.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;vua Po Klaong Garay sai bi?u ng??i d&acirc;n ?i ch?t c?c v?i Roi ??n cho nh&agrave; vua, d&acirc;n Trung qu?c ??n n?i Po Klaong Garay tri?u t?p ??n h?i chuy?n, Po Klaong Garay g&uacute;t c?c bu?c d&acirc;y ?&aacute;nh cho Trung qu?c tan r&atilde;, d&acirc;n Trung Qu?c x&acirc;m l??c th?t b?i ?? th?c hi?n l?i h?a kh&ocirc;ng bao gi? d&aacute;m x&acirc;m chi?m nu?c Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh l?n n?a Trung qu?c ?&atilde; t&igrave;nh nguy?n, c&aacute;nh m&agrave;y r&acirc;u v?i ph?n tr??c ???c c?o nh?n th&iacute;n, ph&iacute;a sau l&agrave; b&iacute;m t&oacute;c ?u&ocirc;i sam d&agrave;i th??t ph?i cho ??n 99 n?m.&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Ngu?n: Facebook&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2462/chiáº¿n-tranh-giá»¯a-chiãªm-thã nh-vã -trung-quá»‘c/</guid>
			<pubDate>Sat, 26 Jan 2019 04:15:14 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>prancham</dc:creator>
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			<title>Nhá»¯ng cá»• váº­t ChÄƒm Ä‘á»™c Ä‘Ã¡o á»Ÿ lÃ ng Háº¡ NÃ´ng</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2461/nhá»¯ng-cá»•-váº­t-chäƒm-ä‘á»™c-ä‘ã¡o-á»ÿ-lã ng-háº¡-nã´ng/</link>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;? th&ocirc;n H? N&ocirc;ng Trung thu?c x&atilde; ?i?n Ph??c, th? x&atilde; ?i?n B&agrave;n, t?i di t&iacute;ch Mi?u B&agrave; (trong khu&ocirc;n vi&ecirc;n ch&ugrave;a H?ng Ph&uacute;c) c&ograve;n l?u gi? m?t s? t&aacute;c ph?m ngh? thu?t Ch?m, trong ?&oacute; c&oacute; hai b?c ph&ugrave; ?i&ecirc;u ??c ?&aacute;o.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;T? H&agrave; Kh&uacute;c ??n H? N&ocirc;ng&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;L&agrave;ng H? N&ocirc;ng (H?: m&ugrave;a h?, N&ocirc;ng: ngh? n&ocirc;ng, ng??i l&agrave;m ru?ng) nay g?m c&aacute;c th&ocirc;n H? N&ocirc;ng ?&ocirc;ng, H? N&ocirc;ng Trung v&agrave; H? N&ocirc;ng T&acirc;y c?a x&atilde; ?i?n Ph??c, th? x&atilde; ?i?n B&agrave;n. ?&acirc;y l&agrave; m?t trong nh?ng l&agrave;ng c? c?a Qu?ng Nam. Trong t&aacute;c ph?m C&ocirc;ng cu?c khai kh?n v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri?n l&agrave;ng x&atilde; ? b?c Qu?ng Nam t? gi?a th? k? 15 ??n gi?a th? k? 18, TS.Hu?nh C&ocirc;ng B&aacute; cho r?ng &ldquo;Kh&aacute; nhi?u t?c h? ? c&aacute;c l&agrave;ng ?&atilde; ??n khai ph&aacute; v&ugrave;ng b?c Qu?ng Nam v&agrave;o cu?i th? k? 15&hellip; c?ng nh? 24 v? thu?c c&aacute;c h? Phan, H&agrave;, Tr?n, D??ng, Th&acirc;n, Nguy?n, Hu?nh, T&agrave;o, Ng&ocirc;, ??, ?o&agrave;n, ?inh, Tr?nh, Mai, ??, H?, M?c, T?ng, L&ecirc; ??n khai ph&aacute; v&ugrave;ng trung t&acirc;m ?i?n B&agrave;n&hellip;&rdquo;. D&ugrave; kh&ocirc;ng kh?ng ??nh tr?c ti?p nh?ng qua ?o?n tr&ecirc;n t&aacute;c gi? ?&atilde; cho bi?t H? N&ocirc;ng ???c 24 t?c h? thu?c l?p l?u d&acirc;n &ldquo;B?c ??a t&ugrave;ng v??ng&rdquo; ??n khai ph&aacute; v&agrave; l?p l&agrave;ng v&agrave;o cu?i th? k? th? 15 sau cu?c nam chinh c?a vua L&ecirc; Th&aacute;nh T&ocirc;ng n?m 1471.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;T&agrave;i li?u c? ?? c?p t&ecirc;n l&agrave;ng s?m nh?t l&agrave; &Ocirc; ch&acirc;u c?n l?c c?a D??ng V?n An vi?t n?m 1555 v?i t&ecirc;n g?i l&agrave; l&agrave;ng H&agrave; Kh&uacute;c, m?t trong 66 l&agrave;ng c?a huy?n ?i?n B&agrave;n thu?c ph? Tri?u Phong, x? Thu?n H&oacute;a v&agrave; ???c t&oacute;m t?t b?ng m?t c&acirc;u ??y h&igrave;nh t??ng &ldquo;s&ocirc;ng H&agrave; Kh&uacute;c ch?y ra khu?t kh&uacute;c, ???ng L?i B?ng ?i l?i th?ng b?ng&rdquo;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;D??i th?i c&aacute;c ch&uacute;a Nguy?n (1558 - 1776) trong Ph? bi&ecirc;n t?p l?c, H&agrave; Kh&uacute;c l&agrave; m?t trong 24 x&atilde; c?a t?ng H&agrave; Kh&uacute;c thu?c huy?n H&ograve;a Vang, ph? ?i?n B&agrave;n. Sang th?i nh&agrave; Nguy?n, d?a theo ??a b? Qu?ng Nam so?n n?m 1814, H&agrave; Kh&uacute;c ???c ??i t&ecirc;n th&agrave;nh H? N&ocirc;ng thu?c t?ng H? N&ocirc;ng Trung, huy?n Di&ecirc;n Kh&aacute;nh (sau ??i th&agrave;nh Di&ecirc;n Ph??c v&agrave;o n?m 1822, d??i th?i Minh M?ng), ph? ?i?n B&agrave;n. Sang cu?i th?i nh&agrave; Nguy?n, n?m 1919, n?m Kh?i ??nh th? 3, theo T?p ch&iacute; BAVH (Bulletin des Amis du Vieux Hu&eacute; - T?p san c?a H?i ?&ocirc; th&agrave;nh hi?u c?), l&agrave;ng H? N&ocirc;ng thu?c t?ng H? N&ocirc;ng c?a ph? ?i?n B&agrave;n.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Sau C&aacute;ch m?ng Th&aacute;ng T&aacute;m, v&agrave;o n?m 1946, l&agrave;ng H? N&ocirc;ng thu?c x&atilde; Qu&yacute; C&aacute;p (t&ecirc;n danh nh&acirc;n Tr?n Qu&yacute; C&aacute;p - l&uacute;c n&agrave;y ?i?n B&agrave;n c&oacute; 5/36 x&atilde; mang t&ecirc;n danh nh&acirc;n). L?n h?p x&atilde; n?m 1948, l&agrave;ng thu?c x&atilde; ?i?n Ph??c (?i?n B&agrave;n t? 36 x&atilde; h?p l?i th&agrave;nh 10 x&atilde; v&agrave; b?t ??u b?ng ch? ?i?n). Sau n?m 1954, d??i th?i Vi?t Nam C?ng h&ograve;a, H? N&ocirc;ng thu?c x&atilde; K? Ng?c, qu?n ?i?n B&agrave;n. Sau 1975, H? N&ocirc;ng tr? l?i thu?c x&atilde; ?i?n Ph??c nh? giai ?o?n 1948 - 1954 v&agrave; cho m&atilde;i ??n nay.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Di t&iacute;ch Ch?m ??c ?&aacute;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Tr&ecirc;n c&aacute;nh ??ng ? l&agrave;ng H? N&ocirc;ng nay thu?c ??a ph?n th&ocirc;n H? N&ocirc;ng Trung, c&oacute; khu ??t r?ng ?? 1500m2 ??a th? kh&aacute; cao so v?i chung quanh, v?n l&agrave; m?t khu di t&iacute;ch Ch?m ?&atilde; ?? n&aacute;t ch? c&ograve;n l?i m?t s? g?ch ng&oacute;i v&agrave; t??ng Ch?m. D&acirc;n l&agrave;ng ?&atilde; x&acirc;y m?t ng&ocirc;i mi?u r?i gom c&aacute;c t??ng c&ograve;n l?i ?? th?. Trong ng&ocirc;i mi?u c&oacute; m?t b?c ph&ugrave; ?i&ecirc;u v?i h&igrave;nh m?t ph? n? n&ecirc;n d&acirc;n l&agrave;ng g?i l&agrave; t??ng B&agrave;. Mi?u th? t??ng B&agrave; n&ecirc;n g?i l&agrave; Mi?u B&agrave;. Sau n&agrave;y Mi?u B&agrave; b? t&agrave;n ph&aacute;, ng??i ta x&acirc;y l&ecirc;n ?&oacute; m?t ng&ocirc;i ch&ugrave;a mang t&ecirc;n H?ng Ph&uacute;c. G?n ?&acirc;y, trong khu&ocirc;n vi&ecirc;n ng&ocirc;i ch&ugrave;a, m?t mi?u nh? ???c ph?c d?ng ?? th? m?y pho t??ng Ch?m c&ograve;n l?i. N?m 2001 c&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u Ng&ocirc; V?n Doanh, Nguy?n Chi?u ?&atilde; ??n ?&acirc;y v&agrave; ph&aacute;t hi?n t?i ?&acirc;y c&oacute; hai b?c ph&ugrave; ?i&ecirc;u ??c ?&aacute;o. ?&oacute; l&agrave; ph&ugrave; ?i&ecirc;u Shiva - Gauri v&agrave; ph&ugrave; ?i&ecirc;u Vishnu - Garudasama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;B?c ph&ugrave; ?i&ecirc;u Shiva - Gauri c&ograve;n kh&aacute; nguy&ecirc;n v?n, ??t cao nh?t gi?a mi?u, ???c t?c th?ng v&agrave;o m?t phi?n ?&aacute; v&agrave; c&oacute; k&iacute;ch th??c kh&aacute; l?n, r?ng 1,27m cao 1,45m d&agrave;y 0,3m. B?c ph&ugrave; ?i&ecirc;u g?m 2 ph?n, ph?n b? l&agrave; ph?n ph? nh? h?n ch? cao 0,35m c&oacute; kh?c h&igrave;nh 6 ng??i chia l&agrave;m 2 nh&oacute;m 2 b&ecirc;n, ? gi?a l&agrave; 3 th&aacute;p h&igrave;nh tr?. S&aacute;u ng??i ? t? th? qu? ch?p tay c?u nguy?n h??ng v&agrave;o 3 th&aacute;p h&igrave;nh tr? ? gi?a. Ph?n ch&iacute;nh ? tr&ecirc;n kh?c h&igrave;nh th?n Shiva c&ugrave;ng v? (Gauri) ng?i tr&ecirc;n b&ograve; th?n Nandin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Theo nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u Ng&ocirc; V?n Doanh trong s&aacute;ch Ngh? thu?t Ch?mpa - C&acirc;u chuy?n c?a nh?ng pho t??ng c? (Nxb M? thu?t, 2016) th&igrave; ?&acirc;y l&agrave; b?c ph&ugrave; ?i&ecirc;u v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng ??c ?&aacute;o v&igrave; &ldquo;kh&oacute; c&oacute; th? t&igrave;m ???c trong ?i&ecirc;u kh?c c? Ch?mpa h&igrave;nh m?t con b&ograve; n&agrave;o ???c th? hi?n v?a th?c, v?a t? nhi&ecirc;n v&agrave; s?ng ??ng nh? trong t&aacute;c ph?m ?i&ecirc;u kh?c ? Mi?u B&agrave;&rdquo; (trang 237) v&agrave; &ldquo;l?n ??u ti&ecirc;n trong ngh? thu?t c? Ch?mpa th?n Shiva v&agrave; v? th?n ???c th? hi?n c&ugrave;ng ng?i tr&ecirc;n l?ng con b&ograve; th?n Nandin n?m&rdquo; (trang 240). C?ng theo nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u Ng&ocirc; V?n Doanh: &ldquo;C&ugrave;ng v?i bia k&yacute; ? Th&aacute;p B&agrave; Nha Trang, t&aacute;c ph?m ?i&ecirc;u kh?c Mi?u B&agrave; g&oacute;p th&ecirc;m m?t t? li?u qu&yacute; v? vi?c th? ph?ng h&igrave;nh t??ng k?t h?p Shiva - Gauri trong ??i s?ng t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o c?a v??ng qu?c Ch?mpa x?a&rdquo; (trang 241). H?n th? n?a &ldquo;c&aacute;ch th? hi?n Shiva - Gauri c?a Mi?u B&agrave; g?n v?i nh?ng truy?n th?ng ngh? thu?t c? ?n ?? h?n l&agrave; v?i c&aacute;c n?n ngh? thu?t c? c?a ?&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute;&rdquo; (trang 241)&hellip;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;V? b?c ph&ugrave; ?i&ecirc;u Vishnu - Garudasama l?i c&oacute; c&aacute;i ??c ?&aacute;o kh&aacute;c. B?c n&agrave;y ???c ??t b&ecirc;n tr&aacute;i c?a mi?u, b? b? m?t ph?n ? tr&ecirc;n v&agrave; c&oacute; k&iacute;ch th??c nh? h?n, r?ng 0,8m v&agrave; b? cao ch? c&ograve;n l?i 0,65m. Ph?n c&ograve;n l?i c?a b?c n&agrave;y c&oacute; ??y ?? h&igrave;nh chim th?n Garuda nh?ng th&ocirc;ng qua m?t s? d?u t&iacute;ch tr&ecirc;n h&igrave;nh chim th?n (2 tay v&agrave; 2 ch&acirc;n) c&oacute; th? ?o&aacute;n ra ph?n b? m?t ? tr&ecirc;n l&agrave; h&igrave;nh kh?c th?n Vishnu. K?t h?p 2 ph?n l&agrave; t??ng th?n Vishnu ?ang c??i chim th?n Garuda, m?t ki?u ngh? thu?t truy?n th?ng c?a Ch?mpa c?, m?t trong 2 truy?n th?ng c?a khu v?c ?&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute; (truy?n th?ng kia l&agrave; c?a Hindu gi&aacute;o tr&ecirc;n ??o Java thu?c Indonesia).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Vishnu l&agrave; m?t trong 3 v? th?n t?i th??ng c?a Hindu gi&aacute;o, ch? sau th?n Brahma (th?n s&aacute;ng t?o), ??ng tr&ecirc;n th?n Shiva. Vishnu lu&ocirc;n l&agrave; v? th?n nh&acirc;n b?n nh?t, b?t k? ? n?i n&agrave;o m&agrave; nh?ng th? l?c ??c &aacute;c b?t ??u th?ng tr? th&igrave; Vishnu xu?t hi?n ?? c?u con ng??i. C&ograve;n chim th?n Garuda l&agrave; h&igrave;nh ?nh m?t tr?i bi?u hi?n cho c&aacute;i tinh th?n bao tr&ugrave;m l&ecirc;n t?t c? m?i v?t do t?o h&oacute;a sinh ra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Ph&ugrave; ?i&ecirc;u Vishnu - Garudasama r?t ??c bi?t v&igrave; ?&acirc;y l&agrave; b?c ??c nh?t ???c ph&aacute;t hi?n c&ograve;n l?i c?a n??c ta, n&oacute; th? hi?n s? ti?p n?i c&oacute; k? th?a c?a truy?n th?ng ngh? thu?t Vishnu - Garudasama c?a Ch?mpa c?. N&oacute;i l&agrave; ??c nh?t c&ograve;n l?i v&igrave; c&oacute; hai b?c kh&aacute;c c?ng ?&atilde; ???c ph&aacute;t hi?n, m?t ? Ng? H&agrave;nh S?n - ?&agrave; N?ng (c&oacute; ni&ecirc;n ??i th? k? th? 8, theo phong c&aacute;ch c? M? S?n E1) v&agrave; m?t ? Quy Nh?n (c&oacute; ni&ecirc;n ??i cu?i th? k? th? 9, theo phong c&aacute;ch Kh??ng M?). Nh?ng c? hai b?c n&agrave;y hi?n nay ???c l?u gi? v&agrave; tr?ng b&agrave;y t?i Vi?n B?o t&agrave;ng ch&acirc;u &Aacute; Guimet ? Paris (Ph&aacute;p). C? 3 b?c ph&ugrave; ?i&ecirc;u cho th?y tuy &iacute;t ?i nh?ng c? ba ?&atilde; &ldquo;k?t th&agrave;nh m?t truy?n th?ng kh&aacute; li&ecirc;n t?c v&agrave; l&acirc;u d&agrave;i c?a lo?i h&igrave;nh ?i&ecirc;u kh?c Vishnu - Garudasama c?a Ch?mpa&rdquo; - theo nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u Ng&ocirc; V?n Doanh.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;B?c ph&ugrave; ?i&ecirc;u Vishnu &ndash; Garudasama Mi?u B&agrave; tuy ra ??i sau nh?ng ???c c&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u ?&aacute;nh gi&aacute;: &ldquo;l&agrave; t&aacute;c ph?m ?i&ecirc;u kh?c th? hi?n Garuda trong t? th? chuy?n ??ng th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng nh?t v&agrave; ??p nh?t kh&ocirc;ng ch? c?a ngh? thu?t Ch?mpa m&agrave; c&ograve;n c?a c? n?n ngh? thu?t Hindu trong khu v?c ?&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute;&rdquo;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;newline&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;L&Ecirc; TH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;newline&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;newline&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Theo Baoquangnam.vn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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