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			<title>ꨕꨤꨭꨆꩊ ꨎꨩ ꨤꨪꨀꨶꨩ – Dalukal Ja Li-ua</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2702/ꨕꨤꨭꨆꩊ-ꨎꨩ-ꨤꨪꨀꨶꨩ-–-dalukal-ja-li-ua/</link>
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&lt;p&gt;ꨕꨤꨭꨆꩊ ꨎꨩ ꨤꨪꨀꨶꨩ &ndash; Dalukal Ja Li-ua&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ꨗꨫ ꨕꨤꨆꩊ ꨗꨫ ꨧꨩ ꨜꨭꩆ ꨓꨴꨩ ꨙꨮꩌ ꨀꨇꨩꩆ ꨆꨩ ꨛꨯꨮ ꨚꨮꩃ ꨕꨤꨭꨆꩊ ꨀꨗꩀ ꨌꩌ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨢꨮꨭ ꨗꨫ ꨎꨮ ꨕꨫ ꨨꨭꨩ ꨎꩀ ꨨꨈꨰꩅ ꨅꨩ ꨗꨫ ꨠꨕꨩ ꨂꨣꩃ ꨘꩆ ꨧꨩ ꨀꨗꩀ ꨧꨩ ꨀꨟꨰꩀ ꨘꩆ ꨀꨗꩀ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨤꨪꨀꨶꨩ ꨚꩀ ꨨꨟꨭꨩ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨛꨯꨮ ꨘꨨꨶꨮꩉ ꨟꨰ ꨕꨫ ꨎꨤꩆ ꨡꨯꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨤꨪꨀꨶꨩ ꨛꨯꨮ ꨘꨨꨶꨮꩉ ꨃꨥ ꨤꩄ ꨨꨮꩄ ꨅꩃ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨤꨪꨀꨶꨩ ꨚꨤꨰ ꨟꨪꩆ ꨅꩃ ꨕꨫ ꨨꨭꨩ ꨆꨳꨮꩃ ꨡꨮꩃ ꨚꨕꨰ ꨘꩆ ꨅꨩ꩝ ꨝꨣꨭꨥ ꨟꩃ ꨂꨣꩃ ꨘꩆ ꨓꨐꨪ ꨛꨯꨮ ꨧꨪꨝꩉ ꨤꩄ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨤꨪꨀꨶꨩ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨅꨩ ꨨꨭꨩ ꨆꨳꨮꩃ ꨡꨮꩃ ꨅꨩ ꨢꨮꨭ ꨘꩆ ꨝꨭꨣꨭꨥ ꨟꩃ ꨛꨯꨮ ꨘꨨꨶꨮꩉ ꨤꩄ ꨔꨭꩆ ꨝꨤꩆ ꨨꨲꨩ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨓꨯꩀ ꨧꨩ ꨝꨤꩆ ꨓꨴꨩ ꨟꨪꩆ ꨠꨓꨰ ꨎꨮ ꨨꨲꨩ ꨤꨪꨀꨶꨩ ꨚꨈꨵꨰꩍ ꨟꨪꩆ꩝ ꨝꨭꨣꨭꨥ ꨟꩃ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨤꩄ ꨝꨳꩀ ꨢꨮꨭ ꨘꩆ ꨛꨯꨮ ꨝꨭꨣꨭꨥ ꨟꩃ ꨛꨯꨮ ꨘꨨꨶꨮꩉ ꨤꩄ ꨝꨳꩀ ꨢꨮꨭ ꨘꩆ ꨎꨮ꩝꩝ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨡꨯꩍ ꨛꨯꨮ ꨘꨨꨶꨮꩉ ꨚꨶꨮꩄ ꨢꨮꨭ ꨘꩆ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨚꨯꨱꩀ ꨆꨭꨝꨥ ꨘꩆ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨧꩃ ꨀꨇꨩꩆ ꨧꨯꨱꩃ ꨀꨟꨰꩀ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨎꨮ꩝꩝ ꨀꨣꩀ ꨗꨫ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨟꨰ ꨀꨇꨩꩆ ꨧꨯꨱꩃ ꨀꨟꨰꩀ ꨔꨮꨭ ꨨꨰ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨕꨫ ꨤꨪꨀꨶꨩ ꨓꨴꨩ ꨅꨩ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨀꨟꨰꩀ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨓꨐꨪ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨤꩄ ꨧꨪꨝꩉ ꨨꨲꨩ ꨚꨶꨮꩄ ꨢꨮꨭ ꨘꩆ ꨚꨗꨶꨮꩄ ꨆꨭꨖꨩ ꨘꩆ ꨧꨪꨝꩉ ꨝꨭꨣꨭꨥ ꨟꩃ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨤꩄ ꨧꨪ ꨟꩃ ꨠꨕꨩ ꨨꨈꨰꩅ ꨤꩄ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨤꨪꨀꨶꨩ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨛꨯꨮ ꨘꨨꨶꨮꩉ ꨟꨰ ꨤꩄ ꨎꨤꩆ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨤꨪꨀꨶꨩ ꨛꨯꨮ ꨘꨨꨶꨮꩉ ꨃꨥ ꨚꨶꨮꩄ ꨤꩄ ꨅꩃ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨤꨪꨀꨶꨩ ꨋꩇ ꨨꨈꨰꩅ ꨔꨭꩆ ꨝꨤꩆ ꨅꩃ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨓꨯꩀ ꨧꨩ ꨝꨤꩆ ꨓꨴꨩ ꨟꨪꩆ ꨠꨓꨰ ꨎꨮ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨋꩇ ꨨꨈꨰꩅ꩝꩝ ꨀꨣꩀ ꨗꨫ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨀꨇꨩꩆ ꨧꨯꨱꩃ ꨀꨟꨰꩀ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨤꨪꨆꨮꨭ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨠꨓꨰ ꨕꨫ ꨈꨵꨰ ꨝꨰꩀ ꨠꨢꩍ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨠꨓꨰ ꨕꨫ ꨧꩃ ꨓꨤꩍ ꨨꨓꨰ ꨓꨳꩆ ꨀꨟꨰꩀ ꨤꨯꨩ ꨆꩄ ꨟꨪꩆ꩝ ꨀꨣꩀ ꨗꨫ ꨝꨴꨬ ꨎꨳꨯꨮꩆ ꨝꨴꩍ ꨆꨩ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨤꨪꨆꨮꨭ ꨝꨩ ꨡꨮꩃ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨨꨕꩃ ꨠꨓꨰ ꨝꨰꩀ ꨝꨭꨣꨭꨥ ꨟꩃ ꨀꨟꨰꩀ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨉꩀ ꨕꨫ ꨚꩃ ꨅꨩ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨎꨮ ꨝꨭꨣꨭꨥ ꨟꩃ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨡꨯꩍ ꨣꨓꨯꨱꩃ ꨕꨫ ꨕꨗꨯꨱ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨚꨡꨭꩀ ꨈꨮꩇ ꨟꨪꩆ ꨔꨭꨩ ꨀꨳꨩ ꨀꨝꨪꩍ ꨘꩆ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨚꨤꨰꩀ ꨆꨵꨯꨱꩆ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨀꨤꨩ ꨙꨯꩌ ꨧꨯꨱꩃ ꨣꨓꨯꨱꩃ ꨘꩆ ꨨꨲꨩ ꨋꩇ ꨢꨮꨭ ꨆꨮꨭ ꨆꩄ ꨟꨪꩆ ꨨꨣꨬ ꨗꨫ ꨀꨳꨩ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨨꨣꨬ ꨚꨈꨭꩍ ꨀꨳꨩ ꨔꨭꨩ ꨠꨓꨰ ꨀꨝꨪꩍ ꨋꩇ ꨢꨮꨭ ꨆꨮꨭ ꨆꩄ ꨟꨪꩆ ꨆꨮꨭ ꨆꨯꨱꨥ ꨨꨭꨩ ꨧꨩ ꨨꨣꨬ ꨗꨫ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨕꨶꨩ ꨚꨵꨭꩍ ꨧꨤꨚꩆ ꨨꨣꨬ ꨓꨴꨩ ꨟꨪꩆ꩝ ꨀꨣꩀ ꨗꨫ ꨆꨮꨭ ꨋꩇ ꨖꨮꩉ ꨆꨩ ꨨꨲꨩ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨟꩀ ꨀꨥ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨤꩃ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨆꨶꩄ ꨣꨓꨯꨱꩃ ꨙꨭꩃ ꨕꨫ ꨀꨥ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨝꨩ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨕꨶꩍ ꨀꨳꨩ ꨆꨴꨯꨱꩃ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨓꨭꩍ ꨕꨤꩌ ꨆꨴꨯꨱꩃ ꨘꩆ꩝꩝ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨡꨯꩍ ꨀꨳꨩ ꨧꨶꨩ ꨝꨔꨮꩀ ꨧꨩ ꨔꨴꨭꩍ ꨨꨕꩌ ꨕꨫ ꨆꨴꨲꩍ ꨆꨴꨯꨱꩃ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨤꨶꨰ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨟꩀ ꨔꨴꨭꩍ ꨨꨕꩌ ꨘꩆ ꨝꨩ ꨟꨰ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨙꨯꩌ ꨧꨯꨱꩃ ꨨꨕꩌ ꨘꩆ ꨨꨲꨩ ꨅꨩ ꨠꨓꨰ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨣꨤꨯꨩ ꨕꨫ ꨔꨮꨭ ꨤꨪꨝꨪꩀ ꨆꨩ ꨨꨕꨯꩌ ꨣꨝꨭꨥ ꨅꨩ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨝꨔꨮꩀ ꨓꨟꨩ ꨕꨤꩌ ꨓꨔꨪꩀ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨣꨢꩀ ꨚꨯꨱꩍ ꨠꨓꨰ ꨀꨝꨪꩍ ꨎꨮ꩝꩝ ꨀꨣꩀ ꨗꨫ ꨆꨮꨭ ꨋꩇ ꨖꩉ ꨆꨩ ꨨꨲꨩ ꨟꨪꩆ ꨥꩀ ꨆꨮꨭ ꨋꩇ ꨢꨮꨭ ꨨꨲꨩ ꨆꩄ ꨟꨪꩆ ꨀꨣꩀ ꨗꨫ ꨆꨮꨭ ꨋꩇ ꨖꩉ ꨆꨩ ꨨꨲꨩ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨟꩀ ꨨꨕꩌ ꨘꩆ ꨝꨩ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨕꨶꩍ ꨣꨭꩌ ꨚꨴꨯꨱꩃ ꨈꨵꨰ ꨚꨴꨯꨱꩃ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨌꨰꩀ ꨨꨕꩌ ꨘꩆ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨓꨮꩊ ꨚꨤꨬ ꨘꩆ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨓꨐꨪ ꨂꨣꩃ ꨤꩄ ꨚꨤꨬ ꨗꨫ ꨨꨭꨩ ꨈꨴꨭꨩ ꨚꨝꩄ ꨣꨬ ꨂꨣꩃ ꨤꩄ ꨨꨭꨩ ꨆꩄ ꨟꨪꩆ ꨠꨢꩍ ꨢꨮꨭ ꨘꩆ ꨚꨓꨯꨱꨥ ꨆꨩ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨨꨰ ꨝꨰꩀ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨆꨳꨮꩃ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨝꩄ ꨟꨪꩆ꩝ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨂꨣꩃ ꨚꨓꨯꨱꨥ ꨆꨩ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨓꨚꩀ ꨧꩃ ꨈꨴꨭꨩ ꨘꩆ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨝꩄ ꨘꩆ ꨎꨮ ꨟꨪꩆ ꨨꨣꨬ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨆꨨꨴꨳꨩ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨎꨮ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨕꨫ ꨀꨇꨩꩆ ꨧꨯꨱꩃ ꨂꨣꩃ ꨅꨩ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨚꨳꨮꩍ ꨕꨫ ꨓꨳꩆ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨎꨮꩍ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨆꨨꨴꨳꨩ ꨆꨩ ꨎꨰꩀ ꨓꨮꩊ ꨨꨣꨬ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨘꩆ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨚꨶꨮꩄ ꨅꩃ ꨈꨴꨭꨩ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨤꩄ ꨀꨗꨪꩅ ꨚꨶꨮꩄ ꨆꨭꨟꨬ ꨆꨩ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨨꨰ ꨝꨭꨣꨭꨥ ꨅꩃ ꨈꨴꨭꨩ ꨘꩆ ꨤꩄ ꨆꨭꨟꨶꨮꩆ ꨟꨯꨱꩃ ꨆꨭꨟꨬ ꨨꨤꨬ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨤꩄ ꨚꨶꨮꩄ ꨆꨭꨟꨬ ꨘꩆ ꨝꨰꩀ ꨆꨩ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨝꨭꨣꨭꨥ ꨅꩃ ꨈꨴꨭꨩ ꨘꩆ ꨤꩄ ꨆꨟꨶꨮꩆ ꨕꨫ ꨡꨯꩍ ꨅꩍ ꨠꨈꨰꩅ ꨘꩆ ꨤꨪꨆꨬ ꨤꨬ ꨓꨟꨩ ꨟꨰ ꨆꨳꨮꩃ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨠꨤꩌ ꨨꨕꩍ ꨚꨈꨯꨮꨩ ꨠꨓꨰ ꨎꨮ ꨕꨯꩌ ꨠꨈꨰꩅ ꨘꩆ ꨓꨯꩀ ꨧꨤꨚꩆ ꨚꨵꨭꩍ ꨧꨤꨚꩆ ꨂꨣꩃ ꨕꨯꩌ ꨕꨫ ꨠꨓꨰ ꨢꨮꨭ ꨘꩆ ꨎꨮ ꨕꨯꨱꩀ ꨎꨰꩀ ꨧꩃ ꨆꨮꨭ ꨆꨮꨭ ꨕꨫ ꨔꨮꨭ ꨅꨩ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨤꩄ ꨆꨭꨟꨶꨮꩆ ꨧꨪ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨆꨳꨮꩃ ꨆꩄ ꨚꨤꨰ ꨣꨭꩇ ꨆꨭꨟꨶꨮꩆ ꨎꨮ ꨅꨩ ꨛꨯꨮ ꨚꨶꨮꩄ ꨆꨩ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨝꨰꩀ ꨓꨳꩆ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ ꨤꨰꩀ ꨓꨩ ꨘꩆ ꨎꨎꨮ꩝꩝ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨅꩃ ꨈꨴꨭꨩ ꨚꨶꨮꩄ ꨕꨫ ꨚꨮꩃ ꨅꨩ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨚꨶꨮꩄ ꨆꨩ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨎꨮ꩝ ꨕꨫ ꨨꨭꨩ ꨠꨓꨰ ꨓꨴꨩ ꨅꨩ ꨠꨢꩍ ꨆꨭꨟꨬ ꨘꩆ ꨤꨪꨎꩃ ꨓꩊ ꨔꨴꨭꩀ ꨚꨎꨮ ꨕꨫ ꨨꨭꨩ ꨠꨓꨰ ꨓꨴꨩ ꨅꨩ ꨠꨢꩍ ꨤꨪꨆꨬ ꨘꩆ ꨨꨕꩌ ꨧꨯꨱꩃ ꨣꨓꨯꨱꩃ ꨘꩆ ꨆꨴꨭꩃ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨋꩇ ꨖꩉ ꨣꨓꨯꨱꩃ ꨧꨯꨱꩃ ꨨꨕꩌ ꨘꩆ ꨗꨯꨱ ꨤꨪꨆꨮꨭ ꨚꩀ ꨛꨯꨮ ꨂꨥꨤꨶꩍ ꨆꨩ ꨐꨭꨩ ꨨꨭꨩ ꨧꨩ ꨣꨓꨭꩍ ꨔꨭꩆ ꨥꨮꩀ ꨎꨮ ꨕꨫ ꨨꨭꨩ ꨠꨓꨰ ꨓꨴꨩ ꨅꨩ ꨝꨵꨯꨱꩍ ꨕꨶꨩ ꨂꨣꩃ ꨘꩆ ꨋꩇ ꨡꨮꩃ ꨀꨊꨶꨬ ꨧꨯꨱꩃ ꨈꨮꩇ ꨓꨮꩊ ꨓꨭꨨꨩ ꨧꨯꨱꩃ ꨈꨮꩇ ꨎꨮ ꨕꨤꨆꩊ ꨗꨫ ꨤꨶꨪꩄ ꨘꩆ ꨎꨮ꩝ ꨀꨋꩆ ꨗꨫ ꨡꨳꨮꩆ ꨤꨪꨆꨮꨭ ꨥꩀ ꨕꨤꨆꩊ ꨗꨫ ꨆꨩ ꨛꨯꨮ ꨚꨣꨮꩃ&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;T&aacute;c gi?:&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;??ng Th&agrave;nh Danh&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;1. D?n lu?n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Champa &ndash; Th??ng (Le Haut Champa) l&agrave; c&aacute;ch m&agrave; J. Dournes&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;g?i t&ecirc;n v&ugrave;ng ??t cao T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n trong th?i k? c? trung ??i, th?i k? m&agrave; ph?n l?n l&atilde;nh th? cao nguy&ecirc;n n&agrave;y thu?c v? v??ng qu?c Champa ho?c c&oacute; m?t m?i quan h? ch?t ch? v?i Champa ? mi?n ??ng b?ng.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;V&ugrave;ng ??t n&agrave;y, thu?c Cao nguy&ecirc;n Tr??ng S?n Nam, kh&ocirc;ng ch? gi?i h?n ? c&aacute;c t?nh Komtum, Gia Lai, ??k L?k, ??k N&ocirc;ng, L&acirc;m ??ng m&agrave; c&ograve;n v??n xu?ng t?n ph?n r&igrave;a ph&iacute;a T&acirc;y c?a c&aacute;c t?nh Mi?n Trung n?i c? tr&uacute; c?a c&aacute;c c?ng ??ng n&oacute;i ti?ng Nam ??o v&agrave; Nam &Aacute;.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Vi?c nghi&ecirc;n c?u m?i li&ecirc;n h? gi?a v&ugrave;ng ??t T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n v&agrave; Champa trong qu&aacute; kh? l&agrave; m?t trong nh?ng m?ng nghi&ecirc;n c?u ?&aacute;ng ch&uacute; &yacute; v&agrave; thu h&uacute;t ???c s? quan t&acirc;m c?a nhi?u h?c gi?. Trong khi m?t s? c&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u ch? d?ng l?i ? vi?c kh?o t? v&agrave; li?t k&ecirc; c&aacute;c di t&iacute;ch, d?u v?t c?a Champa ? v&ugrave;ng T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n,&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;m?t s? c&aacute;c nghi&ecirc;n c?u mang t&iacute;nh h?c thu?t h?n l?i c? g?ng l&yacute; gi?i s&acirc;u h?n c&aacute;c m?i li&ecirc;n k?t n&agrave;y, kh&ocirc;ng ch? tr&ecirc;n b&igrave;nh di?n d&acirc;n t?c h?c m&agrave; c&ograve;n d?a tr&ecirc;n c&aacute;c t??ng t&aacute;c v? ch&iacute;nh tr? li&ecirc;n v&ugrave;ng trong qu&aacute; kh?.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;more-38462&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;C&oacute; hai xu h??ng ch&iacute;nh nh?m di?n d?ch m?i quan h? ch&iacute;nh tr? gi?a cao nguy&ecirc;n v&agrave; ??ng b?ng: m?t xu h??ng cho r?ng ng??i Ch?m ??ng b?ng ?&atilde; ti?n h&agrave;nh nh?ng cu?c giao tranh v?i c&aacute;c t?c ng??i mi?n cao, ?? r?i t? ??y &aacute;p ??t m?t thi?t ch? h&agrave;nh ch&iacute;nh, thu thu? v&agrave; &aacute;p ??t ngh?a v? lao d?ch v?i c&aacute;c s?c t?c n&agrave;y, th?ng tr? c&aacute;c s?c t?c ?y theo ki?u thu?c ??a;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;trong khi ?&oacute; m?t s? ng??i l?i b?o v? quan ?i?m ng??c l?i, nh&igrave;n m?i quan h? n&agrave;y m?t c&aacute;ch m?m d?o h?n, &ocirc;n h&ograve;a h?n, th?m ch&iacute; mi&ecirc;u t? m?i quan h? n&agrave;y l&agrave; th&acirc;n thi?n, nh? ki?u nh?ng li&ecirc;n minh v? ch&iacute;nh tr?, qu&acirc;n s?.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;T&ugrave;y theo c&aacute;ch ti?p c?n c&aacute;c ngu?n t? li?u v&agrave; quan ?i?m nghi&ecirc;n c?u kh&aacute;c nhau m&agrave; m?i nh&oacute;m l?i b?o v? cho quan ?i?m ri&ecirc;ng c?a m&igrave;nh. C&oacute; th? k? ra m?t s? ngu?n s? li?u ch&iacute;nh li&ecirc;n quan ??n v?n ?? n&agrave;y nh? sau:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; margin-left: 1.25em; padding-left: 0px; list-style: disc; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;S? li?u c?a trung Hoa ghi nh?n v? L&acirc;m ?p, Ho&agrave;n V??ng v&agrave; Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;C&aacute;c bia k&yacute; ghi b?ng ch? Ph?n ho?c ch? Ch?m c? ? mi?n Trung Vi?t Nam thu?c v? v??ng qu?c Champa;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;C&aacute;c th? t?ch vi?t b?ng gi?y c?a ng??i Ch?m c&ograve;n l?u gi? ? Ninh Thu?n &ndash; B&igrave;nh Thu?n;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;C&aacute;c truy?n k? d&acirc;n gian c?a c&aacute;c t?c ng??i thi?u s? mi?n Trung &ndash; T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Trong b&agrave;i vi?t n&agrave;y ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i s? ?i?m l?i m?t s? th&ocirc;ng tin quan tr?ng li&ecirc;n quan ??n v&ugrave;ng &ldquo;Champa &ndash; Th??ng&rdquo; hay l&agrave; v? tr&iacute;, vai tr&ograve; v&agrave; m?i quan h? c?a v&ugrave;ng cao nguy&ecirc;n Tr??ng S?n Nam v?i v??ng qu?c Champa th?i c? &ndash; Trung ??i t? c&aacute;c ngu?n s? li?u tr&ecirc;n.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;. Ngu?n s? li?u Trung Hoa v&agrave; bia k&yacute; Champa&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Nh?ng ngu?n t? li?u ??u ti&ecirc;n ghi nh?n v? th&agrave;nh ph?n d&acirc;n t?c c?a Champa ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; c&aacute;c v?n b?n Trung Hoa, m&agrave; s?m nh?t (kho?ng th? k? 3) c&oacute; th? l&agrave; m?t ghi ch&eacute;p v? L&acirc;m ?p nh? sau: &ldquo;&hellip;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Nh?ng b? t?c c?a n&oacute; th?t ?&ocirc;ng ??o, nh?ng nh&oacute;m ng??i nh? trong c&aacute;c b? t?c ?y s?n s&agrave;ng gi&uacute;p ?? l?n nhau; t?n d?ng l?i th? ??a h&igrave;nh n&uacute;i non, h? kh&ocirc;ng bao gi? ch?u quy ph?c [tri?u ?&igrave;nh Trung Hoa]&lt;/span&gt;&hellip;&rdquo;.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;Sau ?&oacute;, sang th? k? th? 4, c&aacute;c s? li?u Trung Hoa l?i ghi nh?n s? va ch?m ??u ti&ecirc;n gi?a ng??i ??ng b?ng v?i c&aacute;c s?c d&acirc;n ? s&acirc;u trong v&ugrave;ng n?i ??a, ?&oacute; l&agrave; s? ki?n vua L&acirc;m ?p Ph?m V?n ti?n h&agrave;nh c&aacute;c cu?c b&igrave;nh ??nh trong x? s? ?? thu ph?c c&aacute;c b? t?c &ldquo;man d&atilde;&rdquo; ?ang th&agrave;nh l?p c&aacute;c ti?u qu?c.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;Ch. Meyer, l?u &yacute; th&ecirc;m trong s? c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t?c ?y: &ldquo;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ng??i Jarai v&agrave; Rhade l&agrave; hi?u chi?n nh?t&lt;/span&gt;&rdquo;.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;C&aacute;c ngu?n s? li?u Trung Hoa c&ograve;n ghi nh?n li&ecirc;n ti?p c&aacute;c ngu?n c?ng ph?m m&agrave; Champa mang ??n cho Trung Hoa, ch?a ??y c&aacute;c m?t h&agrave;ng c&oacute; ngu?n g?c t? mi?n n&uacute;i nh? l&agrave; ng&agrave; voi, s?ng t&ecirc;, tr?m h??ng, k? nam, v&agrave; nhi?u h??ng li?u, g? qu&yacute; kh&aacute;c&hellip; v&agrave; k? l? thay, ?&acirc;y l?i l&agrave; nh?ng m?t h&agrave;ng khi?n Champa tr? n&ecirc;n n?i ti?ng trong kh?p v&ugrave;ng, ?i?u ?&oacute; c?ng cho th?y Champa ?&atilde; s?m x&acirc;y d?ng m?t h? th?ng th??ng m?i l?n v?i v&ugrave;ng cao nguy&ecirc;n. C? th?, s? li?u ghi nh?n r?t nhi?u l?n nh? v?y: v&agrave;o n?m 340, Champa l?n ??u ti&ecirc;n c?ng voi cho Thi&ecirc;n tri?u, r?i r?i r&aacute;c sau ?&oacute; c?ng v?y, ??n n?m 630, Champa l?i d&acirc;ng cho Trung Hoa ?&aacute; qu&yacute;, voi thu?n d??ng&hellip;, n?m 642 l&agrave; 11 s?ng t&ecirc; gi&aacute;c, r?i c&aacute;c n?m 711, 731, 749&hellip;??n t?n n?m 992, h? d&acirc;ng ??n 300 ng&agrave; voi, 2.000 c&acirc;n h??ng li?u v&agrave; 100 c&acirc;n g? ?&agrave;n h??ng, n?m 1018, d&acirc;ng 72 ng&agrave; voi, 86 s?ng t&ecirc;, 100&nbsp;c&acirc;n k? nam v&agrave; 200 c&acirc;n h??ng li?u.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;B??c v&agrave;o th?i k? ?nh h??ng v?n minh ?n ??, c&aacute;c bia k&yacute; tr? th&agrave;nh ngu?n t? li?u quan tr?ng ?? x&aacute;c nh?n nh?ng li&ecirc;n h? gi?a Champa v?i c&aacute;c s?c d&acirc;n cao nguy&ecirc;n. Ngay t? th? k? th? 4, m?t v?n bia ? Vat Laung Kau (g?n ??n th? Wat Phu ? Bassac, L&agrave;o) ?&atilde; ch?ng minh t?m ?nh h??ng c?a v??ng qu?c Champa k&eacute;o d&agrave;i ??n t?n v&ugrave;ng Champasak t?c v&ugrave;ng Nam L&agrave;o.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;Ti?p ??n, m?t v?n bia Ph?t gi&aacute;o c&oacute; ni&ecirc;n ??i n?m 914, ???c t&igrave;m th?y ? Kon Klor (Kom Tum) ghi nh?n v? vi?c x&acirc;y d?ng m?t ??n th? B? t&aacute;t ? v&ugrave;ng ??t n&agrave;y, s? xu?t hi?n c?a v?n bia x&aacute;c nh?n vi?c x&acirc;y d?ng ??n th? c?a Champa ? ?&acirc;y cho th?y l&atilde;nh th? Champa v&agrave;o th?i ?i?m n&agrave;y bao g?m c? v&ugrave;ng Kom Tum ng&agrave;y nay.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Kho?ng th? k? 12, c&aacute;c bia k&yacute; Champa l?n ??u ti&ecirc;n nh?c ??n c&aacute;c s?c t?c mi?n n&uacute;i v?i c&aacute;c danh x?ng &ldquo;Kiratas&rdquo; (nh?ng ng??i mi?n cao), &ldquo;Mleccha&rdquo; (nh?ng ng??i hoang d&atilde;).&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;Theo nh?ng ngu?n t? li?u n&agrave;y, v&agrave;o th?i ?i?m n?m 1149, ph&iacute;a B?c Champa n?m d??i s? cai tr? c?a ng??i Khmer, ti?u v??ng Panduranga l&agrave; Jaya Harivarman I ?&atilde; ?em qu&acirc;n t? ph&iacute;a Nam ra chi?m c? v&agrave; gi?i ph&oacute;ng Vijaya, sau ng&agrave;y th?ng l?i &ocirc;ng kh&ocirc;ng trao l?i ngai v? cho ho&agrave;ng t?c ? Vijaya m&agrave; ti?m quy?n th?ng tr? c? Champa. V&igrave; v?y, &ocirc;ng ph?i khu?t ph?c c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t?c &ldquo;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Rad&eacute;, Mada v&agrave; nh?ng ng??i Man di kh&aacute;c&lt;/span&gt;&rdquo; ? ph&iacute;a T&acirc;y, ???c g?i chung l&agrave; Kiratas. ?? ch?ng l?i h&agrave;nh ??ng n&agrave;y, v? &ldquo;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;vua c?a ng??i Kiratas&lt;/span&gt;&rdquo; (c&oacute; th? l&agrave; th? l?nh c?a c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t?c n&agrave;y) ?&atilde; t&ocirc;n ho&agrave;ng t? Vangsaraja (em v? c?a Jaya Harivarman I) l&ecirc;n l&agrave;m vua v&agrave; l&atilde;nh ??o cu?c ??u tranh. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, cu?c ph?n kh&aacute;ng n&agrave;y th?t b?i, Vangsaraja ph?i ch?y sang ??i Vi?t v&agrave; b?n th&acirc;n c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t?c mi?n n&uacute;i ph?i th?n ph?c Jaya Harivarman I.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;B??c sang th? k? sau, v&ugrave;ng cao nguy&ecirc;n v&agrave; c&aacute;c s?c t?c ? ?&acirc;y c?ng ?&oacute;ng m?t vai tr&ograve; quan tr?ng trong cu?c kh&aacute;ng chi?n ch?ng M&ocirc;ng C? c?a Champa. Trong cu?c ??i ??u v?i cu?c x&acirc;m l?ng c?a nh&agrave; Nguy&ecirc;n, t? n?m 1282 &ndash; 1284, vua Indravarman V v&agrave; ho&agrave;ng t? Harijit (sau n&agrave;y l&agrave; vua Jaya Sinhavarman III, t?c Ch? M&acirc;n) ?&atilde; cho r&uacute;t qu&acirc;n t?m th?i t? kinh th&agrave;nh Vijaya v? s&acirc;u trong mi?n n&uacute;i ?? th?c hi?n cu?c kh&aacute;ng chi?n l&acirc;u d&agrave;i.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;T? ?&acirc;y, v&ugrave;ng ??t cao nguy&ecirc;n tr? th&agrave;nh h?u c? c?a qu&acirc;n Champa, v&agrave; b?n th&acirc;n c&aacute;c s?c d&acirc;n mi?n n&uacute;i ? ?&acirc;y c?ng s&aacute;t c&aacute;nh b&ecirc;n c?nh ng??i Ch?m ti?n h&agrave;nh cu?c kh&aacute;ng chi?n ch?ng l?i qu&acirc;n M&ocirc;ng &ndash; Nguy&ecirc;n h&ugrave;ng m?nh, ?i?u n&agrave;y ph?n n&agrave;o cho th?y h? c?ng l&agrave; th?n d&acirc;n v&agrave; c&oacute; ngh?a v? tranh ??u v&igrave; v??ng qu?c Champa.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;B??c v&agrave;o th? k? 15, bia k&yacute; Drang Lai (C43)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;cho ta m?t c&aacute;i nh&igrave;n ??y ?? v&agrave; to&agrave;n di?n h?n v? m?i li&ecirc;n h? m?t thi?t v? ch&iacute;nh tr? gi?a tri?u ?&igrave;nh Champa v?i c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t?c ? mi?n n&uacute;i. Theo bia k&yacute; n&agrave;y, v&agrave;o kho?ng n?m 1415 v&agrave; 1435, vua Champa ? Vijaya l&agrave; Virabhadravarman ?&atilde; thu ph?c &ldquo;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;V? vua v? ??i c?a ng??i mi?n n&uacute;i&lt;/span&gt;&rdquo; v&agrave; &ldquo;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;vua c?a lo&agrave;i voi&lt;/span&gt;&rdquo; (Sri Gajaraja) l&agrave;m ch? h?u c?a m&igrave;nh. B?ng s? b?o tr? n&agrave;y, vua Champa ?&atilde; cho x&acirc;y d?ng c&aacute;c ??n th? th?n Shiva (d??i t&ecirc;n g?i Kiratesvara), ??ng th?i cho x&acirc;y d?ng c&aacute;c h? th?ng th?y l?i, ???ng s&aacute; cho v&ugrave;ng cao, b?n th&acirc;n c&aacute;c v? vua ch? h?u ph?i huy ??ng th?n d&acirc;n trong v&ugrave;ng, ??m b?o c&ocirc;ng vi?c tr?ng l&uacute;a, ?i?u ti?t th?y l?i ?? cung c?p hoa l?i cho vi?c ph?ng th? th?n Shiva.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;N?i dung c?a bia k&yacute; Drang Lai c&ugrave;ng v?i c&aacute;c ph? t&iacute;ch ??n th&aacute;p Hindu quanh thung l?ng Cheo Reo &ndash; Ayun Pa cho th?y m?t m?c ?? ?nh h??ng s&acirc;u s?c c?a ng??i Ch?m ? ??ng b?ng ??i v?i c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t?c ? v&ugrave;ng n&agrave;y, nh?t l&agrave; ng??i Jarai.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;3. Ngu?n s? li?u d&acirc;n gian v&agrave; th? t?ch c?a ng??i Ch?m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Ng??i Ch?m xu?t hi?n kh&aacute; s?m v&agrave; ph? bi?n trong c&aacute;c truy?n thuy?t, s? thi c?a nh?ng s?c d&acirc;n ng??i Th??ng. C&ugrave;ng v?i s? ?a d?ng th&agrave;nh ph?n d&acirc;n t?c ? T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n l&agrave; s? ?a d?ng trong c&aacute;ch nh&igrave;n c?a ng??i b?n ??a v? ng??i Ch?m ??ng b?ng. Trong m?t s? huy?n tho?i c?a ng??i Sr&ecirc;, ng??i M?&hellip; ng??i Ch?m ???c m&ocirc; t? nh? nh?ng k? x&acirc;m l??c,&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;ng??i Jarai l?i l&yacute; gi?i s? t?n t?i c?a c&aacute;c c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh th&aacute;p Ch?m t?i T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n theo m?t ngh?a ti&ecirc;u c?c &ndash; l&agrave; h? qu? c?a s? x&acirc;m chi?m.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;22&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;Trong khi, nh?ng c&acirc;u truy?n kh&aacute;c, c&oacute; th? c?ng c?a ng??i Jarai hay ng??i Raglai l?i m&ocirc; t? ng??i Ch?m l&agrave; nh?ng ng??i anh em, nh?ng ??ng minh v? qu&acirc;n s? trong c&aacute;c cu?c chi?n ch?ng ngo?i bang hay nh?ng ng??i th&acirc;n thi?n d&ugrave; h? c?ng l&agrave; k? th?ng tr?.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;T? sau th? k? 15, c&aacute;c th? t?ch c? c?a ng??i Ch?m (bao g?m c? c&aacute;c v?n b?n ch&iacute;nh th?ng c?a ho&agrave;ng gia) c&agrave;ng cho th?y r&otilde; n&eacute;t h?n m?i quan h? gi?a ng??i Ch?m v&agrave; c&aacute;c s?c d&acirc;n mi?n n&uacute;i (bao g?m K&rsquo;ho, Rhade, Churu, Raglai&hellip;) nh? l&agrave; nh?ng th?n d&acirc;n c?a c&ugrave;ng m?t v??ng qu?c. Theo nh?ng ngu?n t? li?u n&agrave;y, v&ugrave;ng ??t m&agrave; c&aacute;c s?c d&acirc;n n&agrave;y sinh s?ng thu?c s? qu?n l&yacute; tr?c ti?p c?a v? Thu?n Th&agrave;nh v??ng (vua Champa th?i Ch&uacute;a Nguy?n), h? c&oacute; tr&aacute;ch nhi?m hay ngh?a v? n?p c&aacute;c s?n v?t, thu? kh&oacute;a v&agrave; qu&acirc;n l&iacute;nh cho Tr?n Thu?n Th&agrave;nh, t?c l&agrave; Champa d??i th?i ch&uacute;a Nguy?n.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;24&lt;/span&gt;Ngo&agrave;i ra, c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t?c mi?n n&uacute;i c&ograve;n c&oacute; vai tr&ograve; gi? g&igrave;n c&aacute;c v?t ph?m c?a vua, ch&uacute;a Champa, nh? ng??i K&rsquo;ho ? Lavang (L&acirc;m ??ng) l?u gi? T? li?u Ho&agrave;ng gia Champa m&agrave; ng??i Ph&aacute;p ?&atilde; ?em sang Paris l?u tr?, ng??i Raglai ? Ninh Thu?n, B&igrave;nh Thu?n th&igrave; l?u gi? y trang, ph?m v?t c?a c&aacute;c vua th?n Ch?m, h?ng n?m h? v?n ?em nh?ng v?t ph?m n&agrave;y xu?ng v&ugrave;ng ng??i Ch?m ?? th?c hi?n c&aacute;c nghi th?c ph?ng t? th?n linh.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;M?t kh&aacute;c, nh?ng ?i?u n&agrave;y kh&ocirc;ng ph?n ?nh r?ng c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t?c mi?n cao ch? c&oacute; vai tr&ograve; th?p k&eacute;m (so v?i ng??i Ch?m) trong v??ng qu?c, ng??c l?i h? n?m gi? c&aacute;c vai tr&ograve; quan tr?ng, tham gia v&agrave;o c&aacute;c v? tr&iacute; then ch?t trong c? c?u ch&iacute;nh quy?n Champa. Nh?ng ngu?n t? li?u cho th?y vua Po Rom&eacute; (1627 &ndash; 1651), m?t v? vua Champa n?i ti?ng, c&oacute; ngu?n g?c l&agrave; ng??i Churu, trong khi v? ho&agrave;ng h?u (th? 2) c?a &ocirc;ng l&agrave; ng??i Rhade, d??i th?i gian &ocirc;ng tr? v&igrave; c&aacute;c v? quan l?i c?ng c&oacute; nhi?u ng??i xu?t th&acirc;n t? c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t?c mi?n n&uacute;i nh? Churu, Raglai, K&rsquo;ho&hellip;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;26&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;Th&ecirc;m v&agrave;o ?&oacute;, v&agrave;o n?m 1834, trong phong tr&agrave;o ph?n kh&aacute;ng cu?i c&ugrave;ng c?a Champa ch?ng l?i tri?u ?&igrave;nh Minh M?ng, ng??i Ch?m v&agrave; c&aacute;c s?c d&acirc;n mi?n n&uacute;i ?&atilde; t&ocirc;n m?t nh&acirc;n v?t ng??i Raglai l&ecirc;n l&agrave;m vua, t?c Ja War Palei, ??ng th?i t&ocirc;n m?t nh&acirc;n v?t Churu l&agrave;m ho&agrave;ng t? k? v? t?c Yang Aia Harei.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Sau khi nghi&ecirc;n c?u c&aacute;c ngu?n t? li?u v&agrave; nh&igrave;n l?i c&aacute;c xu h??ng ?&aacute;nh gi&aacute; v? m?i quan h? ch&iacute;nh tr? Ch?m &ndash; Th??ng, ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i hi?u r?ng, v?n ?? kh&ocirc;ng n?m ? ngu?n t? li?u, m&agrave; n?m ? ch? c&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u s? d?ng c&aacute;c t? li?u ?y. S? li&ecirc;n k?t ch&iacute;nh tr? n&agrave;y ph?c t?p h?n nh?ng g&igrave; m&agrave; t? li?u ghi nh?n, c&aacute;ch th?c m&agrave; m?i li&ecirc;n k?t n&agrave;y ho?t ??ng (theo hai xu h??ng ??i ??ch v&agrave; th&acirc;n thi?n) c&ograve;n t&ugrave;y thu?c v&agrave;o nh?ng v&ugrave;ng, nh?ng nh&oacute;m s?c t?c v&agrave; c&aacute;c giai ?o?n l?ch s? kh&aacute;c nhau. Nh?ng cu?c xung ??t (n?u c&oacute;) ch? ???c &aacute;p d?ng trong t?ng th?i ?i?m (th?i L&acirc;m ?p), t?ng t?c ng??i (nh? c&aacute;c nh&oacute;m s?c d&acirc;n ? xa ng??i Ch?m ??ng b?ng) hay nh? J. Dournes m&ocirc; t? nh?ng cu?c xung ??t n&agrave;y ch? mang t&iacute;nh ??a ph??ng.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;Ngay t? bu?i ban ??u g?p g?, ng??i Ch?m ?&atilde; l&agrave; anh em v?i ng??i Th??ng, ch&iacute;nh h? ?&atilde; l&agrave; nh?ng ??ng minh trong c&aacute;c cu?c kh&aacute;ng chi?n ch?ng ngo?i x&acirc;m v&agrave; ngay c? trong c&aacute;c cu?c n?i chi?n. Ch&iacute;nh nh?ng s?c d&acirc;n thi?u s? c?ng ?&atilde; ?&oacute;ng m?t vai tr&ograve; quan tr?ng trong vi?c c?u th&agrave;nh n&ecirc;n h? th?ng ch&iacute;nh tr?, qu&acirc;n s? v&agrave; t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o c?a v??ng qu?c Champa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Cho ??n t?n th? k? 19, c&aacute;c ngu?n t? li?u d&acirc;n gian v?n c&ograve;n cung c?p c&aacute;c th&ocirc;ng tin v? ho?t ??ng khai th&aacute;c tr?m h??ng v?n c&ograve;n di?n ra ? khu v?c Phan Rang, Phan R&iacute; gi?a ng??i Ch?m v&agrave; ng??i Raglai ? mi?n cao nguy&ecirc;n. Ho?t ??ng n&agrave;y th??ng do nh&agrave; n??c (c?a ng??i Ch?m) t? ch?c, trong nh?ng l?n m&agrave; vua Ch?m c?n k? nam hay tr?m h??ng, &ocirc;ng s? c? m?t v? quan g?i l&agrave;&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Po Gahluw&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;??n v&ugrave;ng c?a ng??i Raglai, ph?i h?p v?i ng??i ??ng ??u l&agrave;ng t? ch?c chi&ecirc;u m? c&aacute;c thanh ni&ecirc;n Raglai, ho?c ? m?t s? l&agrave;ng ?&atilde; c&oacute; s?n nh?ng ??i nh? v?y ?? v&agrave;o s&acirc;u trong r?ng khai th&aacute;c tr?m v&agrave; k?. Do ?&acirc;y l&agrave; m?t c&ocirc;ng vi?c nguy hi?m, kh&oacute; kh?n, k&eacute;o d&agrave;i trong nhi?u th&aacute;ng, n&ecirc;n tr??c khi ?i h? th??ng t? ch?c nghi l? c&uacute;ng t? v&agrave; khi v? th&igrave; c&uacute;ng t? ?n th?n linh, trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh ?i c?ng ph?i c&oacute; nhi?u ki&ecirc;ng c?. Nh?ng ng??i trong ??i n&agrave;y c?ng ???c tri?u ?&igrave;nh ?u ?&atilde;i ban ph&aacute;t tr&acirc;u, ru?ng v&agrave; nhi?u th? b?ng l?c kh&aacute;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;. K?t lu?n&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;??n ?&acirc;y, m?t c&acirc;u h?i ???c ??t ra r?ng: V?y th&igrave; nh?ng li&ecirc;n k?t ch&iacute;nh tr? n&agrave;y ???c v?n h&agrave;nh nh? th? n&agrave;o? ?i?u g&igrave; gi&uacute;p duy tr&igrave;, th&uacute;c ??y s? li&ecirc;n k?t ?y trong su?t ti?n tr&igrave;nh l?ch s?? C&acirc;u h?i c&oacute; ph?i n?m ? m?t thi?t ch? th? l?nh &ldquo;li&ecirc;n l&agrave;ng&rdquo; hay &ldquo;si&ecirc;u l&agrave;ng&rdquo;&nbsp; nh? ki?u thi?t ch? Potao m&agrave; J. Dournes v&agrave;&nbsp; A. Hardy t?ng g?i m??&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;T? ?&oacute; m&agrave; suy r?ng ra, c&aacute;c s?c t?c T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n x?a ?&atilde; t?o ra m?t h? th?ng c&aacute;c th? l?nh (t&ugrave;y theo c&aacute;ch g?i c?a t?ng t?c ng??i) c?a l&agrave;ng ho?c li&ecirc;n l&agrave;ng.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;&quot;&gt;31&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;Nh?ng th? l?nh n&agrave;y kh&ocirc;ng ch? c&oacute; vai tr&ograve; li&ecirc;n k?t v?i th?n linh m&agrave; c&ograve;n ch?u tr&aacute;ch nhi?m ??i ngo?i v?i c&aacute;c th? l?c b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i, trong ?&oacute; c&oacute; nh?ng ng??i Champa ??ng b?ng. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, ngo&agrave;i thi?t ch? Potao c?a ng??i Jarai, ch&uacute;ng ta ch?a bi?t g&igrave; nhi?u v? nh?ng thi?t ch? t??ng t? ? c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t?c kh&aacute;c. Do ?&oacute;, s? t?n t?i c?a nh?ng thi?t ch? nh? v?y v?n c&ograve;n l&agrave; gi? thuy?t.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;??ng Th&agrave;nh Danh l&agrave; nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c t?i Trung t&acirc;m Nghi&ecirc;n c?u V?n h&oacute;a Ch?m Ninh Thu?n.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Ch&uacute; th&iacute;ch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; margin-left: 1.5em; padding-left: 0px; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; margin-left: 1.5em; padding-left: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Dournes. J, &ldquo;Recherches sur le Haut Champa&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;France &ndash; Asie&lt;/span&gt;. 24 &ndash; 2 (1970): 143 &ndash; 162.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Maspero G,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Le Royaume de Champa&lt;/span&gt;(Paris: G. Van Oest, 1928); Dohamide &ndash; Dorohiem,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;D&acirc;n t?c Ch&agrave;m l??c s?&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(Saigon, 1965); Po Dharma,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Le Panduranga &ndash; Campa (1802 &ndash; 1835)&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(Paris: EFEO, 1987);&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;V??ng qu?c Champa: l?ch s? 33 n?m cu?i c&ugrave;ng&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(San Jose: IOC &ndash; Champa, 2012); T. Quach-Langlet, &ldquo;Le cadre historique de l&rsquo;ancien Campa&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Actes du s&eacute;minaire sur le Campa organis&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Copenhague&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(Paris: Travaux du CHCPI, 1988), 27-47; Lafont,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;V??ng qu?c Champa: ??a d?, d&acirc;n c?, l?ch s?&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(San Jose: IOC &ndash; Champa, 2011).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;H. Maitre,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Les Jungles Mo&iuml;: Mission Henri Ma&icirc;tre (1909-1911), Indochine Sud-Centrale&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(Papis: Larose 1912); H. Maitre,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;R?ng ng??i Th??ng&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(H&agrave; N?i: Tri th?c, 2008); Dam Bo, &ldquo;Les Populations Montagnardes du Sud &ndash; Indochnois&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;France &ndash; Asie&lt;/span&gt;, 1 (1950)&nbsp;; Dam Bo,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Mi?n ??t huy?n ?o&lt;/span&gt;(H&agrave; N?i: H?i nh&agrave; V?n, 2003); Hickey,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Sons of the Mountains: Ethnohistory of the Vietnamese Central Highlands to 1954&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(New Haven/London: Yale U.P, 1982); B. Gay, &ldquo;Vue Nouvelle sur la composition ethnique du Champa&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Actes du S&eacute;minaire sur le Campa organis&eacute; &agrave;&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Copenhague&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(Paris: CHCPI, 1988): 52 &ndash; 56; Oscar Salemink,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;The Ethnography of Vietnam&rsquo;s Central Highlander&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;(Honolulu: University of Hawai&rsquo;i Press, 2003).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;H. Maitre,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Les Jungles Mo&iuml;: Mission Henri Ma&icirc;tre (1909-1911), Indochine Sud-Centrale&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(Papis: Larose 1912); H. Maitre,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;R?ng ng??i Th??ng&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(H&agrave; N?i: Tri th?c, 2008); Dournes. J, &ldquo;Recherches sur le Haut Champa&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;France &ndash; Asie&lt;/span&gt;. 24 &ndash; 2 (1970): 143 &ndash; 162; L&ecirc; ?&igrave;nh Ph?ng, &ldquo;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Nh?ng di t&iacute;ch v?n h&oacute;a Ch?m pa ? T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n&lt;/span&gt;&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Kh?o c? h?c&lt;/span&gt;, 4 (1996): 48 &ndash; 59; Nguy?n Th? Kim V&acirc;n, &ldquo;D?u ?n v?n h&oacute;a Champa tr&ecirc;n ??t Gia Lai&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Di s?n V?n h&oacute;a&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;s? 3 (2015): 58 &ndash; 61.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Li Tana,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;X? ?&agrave;ng Trong: l?ch s? kinh t? &ndash; x&atilde; h?i Vi?t Nam th? k? 17 &ndash; 18&lt;/span&gt;(Tp. H? Ch&iacute; Minh: Tr?, 2013); Tr?n K? Ph??ng, &ldquo;B??c ??u t&igrave;m hi?u v? ??a-l?ch s? v??ng qu?c Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh (Champa) ? mi?n Trung Vi?t Nam: v?i s? tham chi?u ??c bi?t v&agrave;o &ldquo;h? th?ng trao ??i ven s&ocirc;ng&rdquo; c?a l?u v?c s&ocirc;ng Thu B?n ? Qu?ng Nam&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Th&ocirc;ng tin khoa h?c&lt;/span&gt;, Hu?: Ph&acirc;n vi?n Nghi&ecirc;n c?u V?n ho&aacute; Ngh? thu?t, 3 (2004); Tr?n K? Ph??ng, &ldquo;Thung l?ng s&ocirc;ng Thu B?n: M?t m?u h&igrave;nh c?a ph??ng th?c trao ??i ven s&ocirc;ng n?i k?t th??ng ??o ?&ocirc;ng &ndash; T&acirc;y ? mi?n Trung Vi?t Nam&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Nghi&ecirc;n c?u V?n h&oacute;a Mi?n Trung&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(Hu?: Ph&acirc;n vi?n VHNT Vi?t Nam, 2009): 19 &ndash; 24; Nguy?n Ph??c B?o ?&agrave;n, &ldquo;T? con ???ng mu?i: nh?n di?n m?ng l??i trao ??i xu&ocirc;i ng??c ? mi?n Trung Vi?tNam&nbsp;trong l?ch s?&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Nh?n th?c v? mi?n Trung Vi?t Nam-h&agrave;nh tr&igrave;nh 10 n?m ti?p c?n&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(Hu?: Thu?n H&oacute;a, 2009): 151-218; Andrew Hardy, &ldquo;&lsquo;Ngu?n&rsquo; trong kinh t? h&agrave;ng ho&aacute; ? ?&agrave;ng Trong&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Ch&uacute;a Nguy?n v&agrave; V??ng tri?u Nguy?n trong l?ch s? Vi?t Nam t? th? k? XVI ??n th? k? XIX (&lt;/span&gt;H&agrave; N?i: Th? Gi?i, 2008): 55-65; Andrew Hardy,&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;Nh&agrave; nh&acirc;n h?c ch&acirc;n tr?n: nghe v&agrave; ??c Jacques Dournes&lt;/span&gt;(H&agrave; N?i: Tri th?c, 2014); Nguy?n H?u Th&ocirc;ng, &ldquo;S&ocirc;ng Ba: giao l? ch&iacute;nh tr? &ndash; kinh t? &ndash; V?n h&oacute;a ??c th&ugrave;&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Th&ocirc;ng b&aacute;o khoa h?c&lt;/span&gt;, ??i h?c V?n Hi?n, 7 (2015): 33 &ndash; 45; Nguy?n Th? H&ograve;a, &ldquo;Nh?ng con ???ng giao th??ng t? cao nguy&ecirc;n ??n ven bi?n mi?n Trung trong l?ch s?&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Ph&aacute;t tri?n Khoa h?c v&agrave; C&ocirc;ng ngh?&lt;/span&gt;, t?p 18, s? X1 (2015): 33 &ndash; 38.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;H. Maitre,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;R?ng ng??i Th??ng&lt;/span&gt;, 187 &ndash; 193; B. Bourotte, &ldquo;Essai d&rsquo;histoire des Populations Montagnardes du Sud Indochinois&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;BSEI&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;XXX, 1 (1955): 32 &ndash; 35; Ch. Meyer, &ldquo;Kambuja et Kirata&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&Eacute;tudes Cambodgiennes&lt;/span&gt;, 5 (1966): 20.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;B. Gay, &ldquo;Vue Nouvelle sur la composition ethnique du Champa&rdquo;, 52 &ndash; 56; Dominique Nguyen,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;T? v?ng Hroi &ndash; Vi?t&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(San Jose: IOC &ndash; Champa, 2003): 6 &ndash; 10; Andrew Hardy,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Nh&agrave; nh&acirc;n h?c ch&acirc;n tr?n&lt;/span&gt;, 40, 100 &ndash; 101.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Paul Pelliot, &ldquo;Le Pou &ndash; Nan&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;BEFEO&lt;/span&gt;, III (1903): 255.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;G. Maspero,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Le Royaume de Champa&lt;/span&gt;, 52; H. Maitre,&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;R?ng ng??i Th??ng&lt;/span&gt;, 173 &ndash; 174.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Ch. Meyer, &ldquo;Kambuja et Kirata&rdquo;, 20.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;H. Maitre,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Les Jungles Mo&iuml;&lt;/span&gt;, 434 &ndash; 436; G. Maspero,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Le Royaume de Champa&lt;/span&gt;, 88, 120 &ndash; 121, 132, 138; Momoki Shiro, &ldquo;Ch?mpa ch? l&agrave; m?t th? ch? bi?n? (Nh?ng ghi ch&eacute;p v? n&ocirc;ng nghi?p v&agrave; ng&agrave;nh ngh? trong c&aacute;c t? li?u Trung Qu?c)&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Nghi&ecirc;n c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;?u ?&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute;&lt;/span&gt;, 4 (1999): 45.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;B. Gay, &ldquo;Vue Nouvelle sur la composition ethnique du Champa&rdquo;, 49 &ndash; 50; Dominique Nguyen,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;T? v?ng Hroi &ndash; Vi?t&lt;/span&gt;, 6.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;B. Gay, &ldquo;Vue Nouvelle sur la composition ethnique du Champa&rdquo;, 50; Lafont,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;V??ng qu?c Champa&lt;/span&gt;, 27.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;L. Finot, &ldquo;Notes d&rsquo;&eacute;pigraphie : XI. Les inscriptions de Mi-S?n&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;BEFEO,&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;IV (1904): 965 &ndash; 966; H. Maitre,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;R?ng ng??i Th??ng&lt;/span&gt;, 174, 182; Dominique Nguyen,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;T? v?ng Hroi &ndash; Vi?t&lt;/span&gt;, 7 &ndash; 8; J. Dournes,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Potao: m?t l&yacute; thuy?t v? quy?n l?c c?a ng??i Jarai ?&ocirc;ng D??ng&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(H&agrave; N?i: Nxb. Tri th?c, 2013), 168.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;G. Maspero,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Le Royaume de Champa&lt;/span&gt;, 158 &ndash; 159; Dohamide &ndash; Dorohiem,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;D&acirc;n t?c Ch&agrave;m l??c s?&lt;/span&gt;, 59; Lafont,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;V??ng qu?c Champa&lt;/span&gt;, 161 &ndash; 162.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;T? li?u kh&ocirc;ng ghi nh?n ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c v? v&ugrave;ng n&uacute;i m&agrave; tri?u ?&igrave;nh Champa ch?n l&agrave;m h?u c? trong cu?c ??i ??u v?i nh&agrave; Nguy&ecirc;n. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, v&agrave;o th?i ?i?m ?y, theo m?t s? ch&uacute; th&iacute;ch c?a Nguy&ecirc;n S? v&agrave; ghi ch&eacute;p c?a Marco Polo l&atilde;nh th? ph&iacute;a T&acirc;y c?a Champa, l&uacute;c b?y gi?, c&oacute; th? k&eacute;o d&agrave;i ??n t?n khu v?c Komtum v&agrave; Pleiku (Lafont,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;V??ng qu?c Champa&lt;/span&gt;, 28).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;G. Maspero&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Le Royaume de Champa&lt;/span&gt;, 175 &ndash; 187; Dohamide &ndash; Dorohiem,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;D&acirc;n t?c Ch&agrave;m l??c s?&lt;/span&gt;, 73 &ndash; 74, Dominique Nguyen,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;T? v?ng Hroi &ndash; Vi?t,&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;8 &ndash; 9; Lafont,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;V??ng qu?c Champa&lt;/span&gt;, 170 &ndash; 171.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tr??c bia k&yacute; n&agrave;y ???c t&igrave;m th?y ? Th&aacute;p Yang Mum (Ayun Pa, Gia Lai) n&ecirc;n th??ng ???c g?i l&agrave; bia k&yacute; Yang Mum hay Cheo Reo (t&ecirc;n g?i tr??c c?a Ayun Pa). Nh?ng ngu?n g?c th?t s? c?a n&oacute; l&agrave; ? m?t ng&ocirc;i ??n kh&aacute;c g?n ?&oacute; g?i l&agrave; Drang Lai, do ?&oacute; bia k&yacute; n&agrave;y ph?i ???c g?i l&agrave; Drang Lai. Xem th&ecirc;m: Arlo Griffiths v&agrave; ??ng s?,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;V?n kh?c Ch?m t?i B?o t&agrave;ng ?i&ecirc;u kh?c Ch?m ?&agrave; N?ng&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(Tp. H? Ch&iacute; Minh: ??i h?c Qu?c gia, 2012), 43 &ndash; 44.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Arlo Griffiths v&agrave; ??ng s?,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;V?n kh?c Ch?m t?i B?o t&agrave;ng ?i&ecirc;u kh?c Ch?m ?&agrave; N?ng&lt;/span&gt;, 43 &ndash; 56.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;H. Maitre,&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;R?ng ng??i Th??ng&lt;/span&gt;, 190; J. Dournes,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Potao: m?t l&yacute; thuy?t v? quy?n l?c c?a ng??i Jarai ?&ocirc;ng D??ng&lt;/span&gt;, 167.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;J. Boulbet,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Pays des Maa, domaine des g&eacute;nies, Nggar Maa, Nggar Yang: Essai d&rsquo;ethno-histoire d&rsquo;une population proto-indochinoise du vietnam central&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(Paris: EFEO, 1967), 67 &ndash; 75; Andrew Hardy,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Nh&agrave; nh&acirc;n h?c ch&acirc;n tr?n&lt;/span&gt;, 53 &ndash; 54.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;H. Maitre,&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;R?ng ng??i Th??ng&lt;/span&gt;, 220; J. Dournes,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Potao: m?t l&yacute; thuy?t v? quy?n l?c c?a ng??i Jarai ?&ocirc;ng D??ng&lt;/span&gt;, 168 &ndash; 169.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Ng??i Raglai v&agrave; ng??i Ch?m c&oacute; c&acirc;u: &ldquo;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Cam xa-ai, Raglai adei&lt;/span&gt;&rdquo; (Ch?m l&agrave; ch?, Raglai l&agrave; em), trong khi theo t&agrave;i li?u c?a Dambo (J. Dournes, &ocirc;ng d?n l?i n&oacute;i c?a ng??i b?n ??a: &ldquo;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Ch&uacute;ng ta v&agrave; ng??i Ch?m l&agrave; anh em c&ugrave;ng m?t m?&lt;/span&gt;&rdquo; (D?n theo: Dam Bo, &ldquo;Les Populations Montagnardes du Sud &ndash; Indochnois&rdquo;, 22 &ndash; 23; c?ng ch&iacute;nh &ocirc;ng tr&iacute;ch l?i c&acirc;u truy?n c?a ng??i T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n v? m?t v? th? l?nh Ch?m ch?ng l?i ng??i Vi?t, v? th? l?nh n&agrave;y ?&atilde; k&ecirc;u g?i c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t?c cao nguy&ecirc;n gi&uacute;p s?c cho m&igrave;nh, l?c l??ng c?a &ocirc;ng bao g?m ng??i Sr&ecirc;, ng??i M?, ng??i Noang v&agrave; Raglai (Dam Bo, &ldquo;Les Populations Montagnardes du Sud &ndash; Indochnois, 25).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;H. Maitre,&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;R?ng ng??i Th??ng&lt;/span&gt;, 195; Shine Toshihiko, &ldquo;Montagnards and the Cham Kings: Labor and Land Administration as seen in the Documentary and Oral Archives&rdquo;, B&agrave;i tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y t?i H?i th?o Qu?c t?&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Hi?n ??i v&agrave; ??ng th&aacute;i c?a Truy?n th?ng ? Vi?t Nam: Nh?ng c&aacute;ch ti?p c?n Nh&acirc;n H?c&lt;/span&gt;, Tp. H? Ch&iacute; Minh; Po Dharma,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;V??ng qu?c Champa: l?ch s? 33 n?m cu?i c&ugrave;ng&lt;/span&gt;, 93, 127; ??ng Th&agrave;nh Danh, &ldquo;B&agrave;n th&ecirc;m v? Phi&ecirc;n qu?c Panduranga &ndash; Champa hay tr?n Thu?n Th&agrave;nh, ph? B&igrave;nh Thu?n (th? k? XVII &ndash; XIX)&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Nghi&ecirc;n c?u L?ch s?&lt;/span&gt;, 9 (2016): 71 &ndash; 78.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;E. Durand, &ldquo;Les archives des derniers rois chams&rdquo;,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;BEFEO&lt;/span&gt;, VII (1907): 353 &ndash; 355; H. Maitre,&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;R?ng ng??i Th??ng&lt;/span&gt;, 195 &ndash; 196; Sakaya,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Ti?p c?n m?t s? v?n ?? v?n h&oacute;a Champa&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(H&agrave; N?i: Tri th?c, 2013), 257 &ndash; 258.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Hickey,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Sons of the Mountains&lt;/span&gt;, 113; B. Gay, &ldquo;Vue Nouvelle sur la composition ethnique du Champa.&rdquo;, 50 &ndash; 51; Dominique Nguyen,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;T? v?ng Hroi &ndash; Vi?t&lt;/span&gt;, 9 &ndash; 10; Po Dharma,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;V??ng qu?c Champa: l?ch s? 33 n?m cu?i c&ugrave;ng&lt;/span&gt;, 13.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Po Dharma,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;V??ng qu?c Champa: l?ch s? 33 n?m cu?i c&ugrave;ng&lt;/span&gt;, 147 &ndash; 148; Lafont,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;V??ng qu?c Champa&lt;/span&gt;, 215.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;J. Dournes,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Potao: m?t l&yacute; thuy?t v? quy?n l?c c?a ng??i Jarai ?&ocirc;ng D??ng&lt;/span&gt;, 169.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;E. Aymonier,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Les Tchames et Leurs religion&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(Paris: Ernest Leroux,1891), 73 &ndash; 74; Sakaya,&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Ti?p c?n m?t s? v?n ?? v?n h&oacute;a Champa&lt;/span&gt;, 518 &ndash; 519.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Theo A. Hardy: &ldquo;&hellip;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ng??i Jarai, khi h? s&aacute;ng t?o ra thi?t ch? Potao, c&oacute; l? ?&atilde; ho&agrave;n thi?n m?t h? th?ng d&ugrave;ng ?? t?o l?p v&agrave; duy tr&igrave; c&aacute;c quan h? k?t ngh?a v?i nh?ng v? vua cai tr? Champa: h? th?ng Potao b?n th&acirc;n n&oacute; c&oacute; th? ?&atilde; xu?t hi?n t? m?i quan h? nh? th?&lt;/span&gt;&hellip;&rdquo; Xem A. Hardy, s?d, 2014, 101.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;C&aacute;c s?c t?c T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n th??ng t?o n&ecirc;n c&aacute;c li&ecirc;n minh t? c&aacute;c v? tr&iacute; ??a l&yacute; g?n nhau ch? kh&ocirc;ng d?a v&agrave;o t?c ng??i, trong nhi?u tr??ng h?p ng??i Bana li&ecirc;n k?t v?i ng??i Jarai, ng??i X?-??ng ?? t?n c&ocirc;ng m?t l&agrave;ng Bana kh&aacute;c&hellip;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&mdash;&mdash;&ndash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;T&agrave;i li?u tham kh?o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Aymonier. E. 1891.&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Les Tchames et Leurs religion&lt;/span&gt;. Paris: Ernest Leroux.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Bourotte. B. 1955. &ldquo;Essai d&rsquo;histoire des Populations Montagnardes du Sud Indochinois.&rdquo;&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;BSEI&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;XXX, 1: 17 &ndash; 116.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Boulbet. J 1967.&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Pays des Maa, domaine des g&eacute;nies, Nggar Maa, Nggar Yang: Essai d&rsquo;ethno-histoire d&rsquo;une population proto-indochinoise du vietnam central&lt;/span&gt;. Paris: &Eacute;cole fran&ccedil;aise d&rsquo;Extr&ecirc;me-Orient (EFEO)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;L&ecirc; ?&igrave;nh Chi. 2006.&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Ng??i Th??ng mi?n Nam Vi?t Nam&lt;/span&gt;. Califonia: V?n M?i.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Durand. E. M. 1907. &ldquo;Les archives des derniers rois chams.&rdquo;&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Bulletin de l&rsquo;&Eacute;cole fran&ccedil;aise d&rsquo;Extr&ecirc;me-Orient&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;(&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;BEFEO&lt;/span&gt;) VII: 353 &ndash; 355.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Dohamide &ndash; Dorohiem. 1965.&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;D&acirc;n t?c Ch&agrave;m l??c s?&lt;/span&gt;. Saigon.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Dam Bo. 1950. &ldquo;Les Populations Montagnardes du Sud &ndash; Indochnois.&rdquo;&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;France &ndash; Asie&lt;/span&gt;. Paris.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Dam Bo. 2003.&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Mi?n ??t huy?n ?o&lt;/span&gt;. H&agrave; N?i: Nxb. H?i nh&agrave; V?n.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Dournes. J. 1970. &ldquo;Recherches sur le Haut Champa.&rdquo;&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;France &ndash; Asie&lt;/span&gt;. 24 &ndash; 2: 143 &ndash; 162.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Dournes. J. 2013.&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Potao: m?t l&yacute; thuy?t v? quy?n l?c c?a ng??i Jarai ?&ocirc;ng D??ng&lt;/span&gt;, H&agrave; N?i: Nxb. Tri th?c.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Dominique Nguyen. 2003.&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;T? v?ng Hroi &ndash; Vi?t&lt;/span&gt;, San Jose: IOC &ndash; Champa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;??ng Th&agrave;nh Danh. 2015. &ldquo;B&agrave;n th&ecirc;m v? Phi&ecirc;n qu?c Panduranga &ndash; Champa hay tr?n Thu?n Th&agrave;nh, ph? B&igrave;nh Thu?n (th? k? XVII &ndash; XIX)&rdquo;. T?p ch&iacute;&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Nghi&ecirc;n c?u L?ch s?&lt;/span&gt;, s? 9 (485): 71 &ndash; 78.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); font-family: verdana; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.75em; caret-color: #1a1a1a; color: #1a1a1a; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Nguy?n Ph??c B?o ?&agrave;n. 2009. &ldquo;T? con ???ng mu?i: nh?n di?n m?ng l??i trao ??i xu&ocirc;i ng??c ? mi?n Trung Vi?t&nbsp;Nam&nbsp;trong l?ch s?&rdquo;. Trong&nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana; box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Nh?n th?c v? mi?n Trung Vi?t Nam-h&agrave;nh tr&igrave;nh 10 n?m ti?p c?n&lt;/span&gt;. Hu?: Nxb. Thu?n H&oacute;a: 1]]></content:encoded>
			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2593/cã¡c-nguá»“n-sá»­-liá»‡u-vá»-vã¹ng-â€˜champa-thæ°á»£ngâ€™-trong-thá»i-ká»/</guid>
			<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jan 2021 23:09:57 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>ranam</dc:creator>
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			<title><![CDATA[VÆ°Æ¡ng Quá»‘c Champa: Äá»‹a DÆ°, DÃ¢n CÆ° vÃ  Lá»‹ch Sá»­ | DÃ¢n CÆ° | NgÃ´n ngá»¯ & DÃ¢n Sá»‘]]></title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2566/væ°æ¡ng-quá»‘c-champa-äá»‹a-dæ°-dã¢n-cæ°-vã -lá»‹ch-sá»­-dã¢n-cæ°-ngã´n-ng/</link>
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&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n tr&aacute;i ng??c v?i c&aacute;c l&yacute; thuy?t ?&atilde; ??a ra g?n m?t th? k? qua, v??ng qu?c Champa kh&ocirc;ng nh?ng bao g?m c&aacute;c ph?n ??t n?m ? ven bi?n c?a mi?n trung Vi?t Nam hi?n nay m&agrave; k? c? d&atilde;y Tr??ng S?n (Cordill&egrave;re Annamitique) v&agrave; v&ugrave;ng cao nguy&ecirc;n ti?p n?i v?i n&oacute;. D?a v&agrave;o y?u t? ??a d? n&agrave;y, ng??i ta ??a ra k?t lu?n r?ng d&acirc;n c? Champa k?t h?p kh&ocirc;ng nh?ng ng??i d&acirc;n sinh s?ng ? v&ugrave;ng ??ng b?ng m&agrave; bao g?m c? d&acirc;n c? c?a v&ugrave;ng cao nguy&ecirc;n, th??ng g?i l&agrave; ng??i Th??ng (Montagnard) hay l&agrave; ng??i b?n x? ?&ocirc;ng D??ng (Proto-Indochinois). Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; th?, v??ng qu?c Champa kh&ocirc;ng ph?i l&agrave; ??t n??c ri&ecirc;ng t? c?a ng??i Ch?m m&agrave; l&agrave; m?t qu?c gia ?a ch?ng g?m c? d&acirc;n t?c T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n, trong ?&oacute; m?i s?c d&acirc;n th??ng ?&oacute;ng m?t vai tr&ograve; ri&ecirc;ng bi?t trong ti?n tr&igrave;nh l?ch s? c?a v??ng qu?c n&agrave;y m&agrave; ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i s? tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y ? ph?n d??i ?&acirc;y.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ngu?n g?c&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;V&agrave;o ??u k? nguy&ecirc;n c?a T&acirc;y L?ch, ng??i ta kh&ocirc;ng bi?t nhi?u v? ngu?n g?c d&acirc;n c? s?ng trong l&atilde;nh th? x?a kia c?a Champa. C&aacute;c b?n v?n Trung Hoa ???c xem nh? l&agrave; ngu?n s? li?u duy nh?t ch? n&oacute;i m?t c&aacute;ch s? l??c li&ecirc;n quan ??n d&acirc;n t?c sinh s?ng trong khu v?c n?m gi?a Ho&agrave;nh S?n (Porte d&rsquo;Annam) v&agrave; ?&egrave;o H?i V&acirc;n. Theo t&agrave;i li?u n&agrave;y, ?&acirc;y l&agrave; khu v?c n?m v? ph&iacute;a nam c?a bi&ecirc;n gi?i Trung Hoa m&agrave; d&acirc;n c? bao g?m m?t s? ng??i Trung Hoa nh?p c? v&agrave; ?a s?&nbsp; c&ograve;n l?i chi?m ph?n quan tr?ng l&agrave; d&acirc;n b?n ??a ? v&ugrave;ng ven bi?n v&agrave; tr&ecirc;n cao nguy&ecirc;n c&oacute; cu?c s?ng r?t g?n g?i v?i nhau. Theo t&aacute;c ph?m Jinshu (T?n th? &ndash; RIPVN) (trang 57, 4b. B?n d?ch ti?ng Ph&aacute;p c?a Paul Pelliot), &laquo;c&aacute;c ng??i b?n ??a n&agrave;y c?u th&agrave;nh t?ng nh&oacute;m bi?t h? tr? l?n nhau&raquo;. H?n n?a c&aacute;c t&agrave;i li?u tr&ecirc;n g?i h? l&agrave; d&acirc;n t?c &laquo;man r?&raquo; (barbare), v&igrave; r?ng ??i v?i t&aacute;c gi? Trung Hoa th?i ?&oacute;, t?t c? nh?ng ai kh&ocirc;ng ph?i l&agrave; ng??i Trung Hoa hay kh&ocirc;ng mang s?c th&aacute;i c?a n?n v?n minh Trung Hoa ??u b? g&aacute;n cho c?m t? l&agrave; &laquo;ng??i man r?&raquo;. T&agrave;i li?u tr&ecirc;n c?ng qui lu&ocirc;n c? ng??i Khu Li&ecirc;n (Q? Li&aacute;n) v&agrave;o nh&oacute;m &laquo;man r?&raquo; n&agrave;y, m?t thu?t ng? ?? &aacute;m ch? cho t?c ng??i c&oacute; n??c da r&aacute;m n?ng.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ri&ecirc;ng v? d&acirc;n t?c sinh s?ng tr&ecirc;n l&atilde;nh th? n?m v? ph&iacute;a nam c?a n&uacute;i B?ch M&atilde; (Hu?), m?t s? t&agrave;i li?u kh?o c? ?&atilde; n&ecirc;u ra v&agrave;i chi ti?t kh&aacute; r&otilde; r&agrave;ng h?n. Theo t&agrave;i li?u n&agrave;y, c&aacute;c h&agrave;i c?t d??i th?i th??ng c? ???c t&igrave;m th?y tr&ecirc;n T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n n?m v? ph&iacute;a t&acirc;y c?a d&atilde;y Tr??ng S?n l&agrave; nh?ng h&agrave;i c?t c?a ng??i b?n ??a M&atilde; Lai (Protomalais) c&oacute; s? ??u d&agrave;i (dolichoc&eacute;phales) v?i th&acirc;n h&igrave;nh v?m v?. Ngay t? th?i k? ?&aacute; m?i (n&eacute;olithique), h? l&agrave; d&acirc;n b?n ??a ?&ocirc;ng D??ng (Proto-Indochinois) duy nh?t ?&atilde; t?ng l&agrave;m ch? khu v?c T&acirc;y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nguy&ecirc;n v&agrave; t?n t?i cho ??n gi?a th? k? XX. B&ecirc;n c?nh ?&oacute;, ng??i ta c?ng t&igrave;m th?y c&aacute;c h&agrave;i c?t ? v&ugrave;ng ven bi?n c&oacute; ngu?n g?c n?m trong th&agrave;nh ph?n d&acirc;n b?n ??a M&atilde; Lai (Protomalais) c&oacute; ??u d&agrave;i v&agrave; di tr&uacute; ??n Champa ??t th? hai nh?ng l?i pha tr?n v?i m?t s? y?u t? c?a ch?ng t?c M&ocirc;ng C? do c&aacute;c ng??i nh?p c? g?c Trung Hoa mang ??n.&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;V&agrave;o th?i k? ?&aacute; m?i (n&eacute;olithique), sau khi ti?p thu nhi?u ngu?n v?n minh c?a th?i ti?n s? v&agrave;o ??u k? nguy&ecirc;n T&acirc;y L?ch, nh?ng ng??i b?n ??a M&atilde; Lai (Protomalais) n&agrave;y ?&atilde; tr? th&agrave;nh m?t t?p th? ch?ng t?c m&agrave; ng??i &Acirc;u Ch&acirc;u th??ng d&ugrave;ng thu?t ng? Vi?t Nam ?? g&aacute;n cho h? l&agrave; ng??i Ch?m, trong khi ?&oacute; c?m t? &laquo;Ch?m&raquo; ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n b? l&atilde;ng qu&ecirc;n trong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ng&ocirc;n ng? c?a d&acirc;n t?c T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n v&agrave; c?ng kh&ocirc;ng bao gi? xu?t hi?n trong c&aacute;c bia k&yacute; hay trong c&aacute;c b?n v?n x?a vi?t b?ng tay t?i v??ng qu?c Champa. C?m t? th??ng s? d?ng ?? &aacute;m ch? cho th?n d&acirc;n c?a v??ng qu?c Champa x?a kia l&agrave; Urang Champa (urang = ng??i, c&aacute; nh&acirc;n) ch? kh&ocirc;ng ph?i l&agrave; Urang Cham t?c l&agrave; ng??i Ch?m nh? m?t s? nh&agrave; khoa h?c th??ng hi?u l?m. H?n m?t th? k? qua, c?ng v&igrave; vi?c s? : d?ng t? &laquo;Ch?m&raquo; l&agrave; c&aacute;ch nu?t &acirc;m (apocope) c?a t? &laquo;Champa&raquo; ?? &aacute;m ch? m?t s?c d&acirc;n c? ng? t? x?a t?i v&ugrave;ng duy&ecirc;n h?i Champa ?&atilde; tr? th&agrave;nh m?t th&ocirc;ng l?, th&agrave;nh ra ng??i ta ti?p t?c d&ugrave;ng t? &laquo;Ch?m&raquo; n&agrave;y v?i &yacute; ngh?a mang t&iacute;nh ??c tr?ng ?? &aacute;m ch? chung nh?ng g&igrave; thu?c v? Champa, kh&ocirc;ng nh?t thi?t thu?c v? d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m h&ocirc;m nay.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ng&ocirc;n ng?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;C&aacute;c d? ki?n kh?o c? h?c cho r?ng nh?ng d&acirc;n c? b?n ??a M&atilde; Lai (Protomalais) c&oacute; m?t tr&ecirc;n l&atilde;nh th? Champa x?a kia ?&atilde; s? d?ng m?t hay nhi?u ng&ocirc;n ng? thu?c gia ?&igrave;nh M&atilde; Lai ?a ??o (proto-malayo polyn&eacute;sienne). Qua c&aacute;c ti?n tr&igrave;nh ph&aacute;t tri?n, ng&ocirc;n ng? n&agrave;y ?&atilde; bi?n th&agrave;nh m?t ng? h? m?i trong ?&oacute; c&oacute; ti?ng Ch?m (???c s? d?ng b?i ng??i Ch?m sinh s?ng t?i c&aacute;c v&ugrave;ng ??ng b?ng) v&agrave; c&aacute;c th? ng? c&ugrave;ng chung m?t ngu?n g?c v?i ti?ng Ch?m, nh? ti?ng Jarai, &Ecirc;?&ecirc;, Churu, Raglai, Hroi, ???c s? d?ng b?i c&aacute;c d&acirc;n c? c?a v&ugrave;ng cao thu?c mi?n trung-b?c c?a b&aacute;n ??o ?&ocirc;ng D??ng.&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ti?ng Ch?m ?&atilde; c&oacute; m?t t?i v??ng qu?c Champa v&agrave;o th? k? th? IV. X?a kia, ti?ng Ch?m l&agrave; ng&ocirc;n ng? ???c l?u h&agrave;nh t? Ho&agrave;nh S?n ??n v&ugrave;ng Bi&ecirc;n H&ograve;a. Nh?ng h&ocirc;m nay, ng&ocirc;n ng? Ch?m ch? c&ograve;n l?u h&agrave;nh t?i c&aacute;c th&ocirc;n ?p ng??i Ch?m trong hai t?nh Ninh thu?n v&agrave; B&igrave;nh Thu?n c?ng nh? t?i Phnom Penh v&agrave; chung quanh t?nh Kampot c?aKampuchea. Ti?ng Ch?m thu?c gia ?&igrave;nh ng&ocirc;n ng? M&atilde; Lai ?a ??o (austron&eacute;sien), m?c d&ugrave; ch?a ??ng m?t s? y?u t? thu?c h? ng&ocirc;n ng? Ch&acirc;u &Aacute; Ng? (austo asiatique). Ng&ocirc;n ng? Ch?m ?&atilde; ph&aacute;t tri?n theo m?t ?&agrave; ti?n h&oacute;a r&otilde; r&agrave;ng, ??c bi?t nh?t l&agrave; s? xu?t hi?n c&aacute;c ph? &acirc;m ph&aacute;t t? tr??c c? h?ng (pr&eacute;glottalis&eacute;) v&agrave; vi?c vay m??n nhi?u t? c?a Ph?n ng? (Sanskrit), Vi?t ng? v&agrave; ti?ng Khmer, ?? r?i h&ocirc;m nay ti?ng Ch?m kh&ocirc;ng g?n g?i v?i ti?ng M&atilde; Lai nh? x?a kia n?a.&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ng&ocirc;n ng? Ch?m xu?t hi?n l?n ??u ti&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n m?t bia k&yacute; (th? k? th? IV) vi?t b?ng ti?ng Ch?m c? ??i (vieux cham) ???c ph&aacute;t hi?n g?n Tr&agrave; Ki?u trong t?nh Qu?ng Nam-?&agrave; N?ng hi?n nay (G. Coed&egrave;s, &laquo;La plus ancienne Inscription en langue chame&raquo; trong New Indian Antiquary, Extra Series I, 1939, trg. 46-49). Ch? vi?t c?a t?m bia n&agrave;y ph&aacute;t sinh t? ch? vi?t Devanagari c?a ?n ?? m&agrave; V??ng qu?c Champa th??ng d&ugrave;ng ?? kh?c tr&ecirc;n c&aacute;c bia ?&aacute; song song v?i ti?ng Ph?n cho ??n th? k? th? XV, t?c l&agrave; ni&ecirc;n ??i ?&aacute;nh d?u cho s? bi?n m?t ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n ti?ng Ch?m c? ??i ?? thay th? v&agrave;o ?&oacute; ch? Ch?m trung ??i (Cham moyen) v&agrave; sau l&agrave; ch? Ch?m c?n ??i (Cham moderne) t?p trung b?n d?ng kh&aacute;c nhau g?i l&agrave;: akhar rik, akhar yok, akhar tuel v&agrave; akhar srah (t?c ch? vi?t ph? th&ocirc;ng). Ch? Ch?m c?n ??i th??ng ???c s? d?ng tr??c ti&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n m?t l&aacute; bu&ocirc;ng (olles) sau ?&oacute; tr&ecirc;n gi?y (P.B. Lafont, Po Dharma v&agrave; Nara Vija, Catalogue des manuscrits cam des biblioth&egrave;ques francaises, Paris, Publications de l&rsquo;&Eacute;cole Fran&ccedil;aise d&rsquo;Extr&ecirc;me-Orient, vol CX?V, 1977, trg. 2, 6-8 v&agrave; s&aacute;ch c? Ch?m mang k&yacute; hi?u CM 23-2). T?i Vi?t Nam h&ocirc;m nay, ng&ocirc;n ng? vi?t (langue &eacute;crite) v&agrave; ng&ocirc;n ng? n&oacute;i (langue parl&eacute;e) c?a ng??i Ch?m c&oacute; nhi?u s? kh&aacute;c bi?t ?&aacute;ng k?. Ng&ocirc;n ng? vi?t Ch?m ?&atilde; tr?i qua nhi?u ti?n tr&igrave;nh ph&aacute;t tri?n nh?ng c&ograve;n gi? nguy&ecirc;n nh?ng y?u t? c? b?n r?t g?n g?i v?i h? nguy&ecirc;n th?y c?a ng&ocirc;n ng? M&atilde; Lai ?a ??o trong khi ?&oacute; ng&ocirc;n ng? n&oacute;i c?a d&acirc;n t?c n&agrave;y th&igrave; b? ??n ti?t h&oacute;a (monosyllabisme) qua c&aacute;c cu?c ti?p x&uacute;c v?i ti?ng Vi?t m&agrave; ng??i Ch?m ?&atilde; h?c trong c&aacute;c tr??ng l?p v&agrave; s? d?ng n&oacute; nh? ti?ng ph? th&ocirc;ng h?ng ng&agrave;y. T?i Campuchia, ti?ng n&oacute;i v&agrave; ch? vi?t m&agrave; ng??i Ch?m ?ang s? d?ng ?&atilde; ch?u ?nh h??ng s&acirc;u ??m ti?ng Khmer.&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tr&ecirc;n T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n, d&acirc;n c? Champa s? d?ng hai ng&ocirc;n ng? r?t kh&aacute;c bi?t nh?ng kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; ch? vi?t, ?&oacute; l&agrave; h? ng? thu?c nh&oacute;m Chamic (nh&oacute;m ng&ocirc;n ng? c?a ti?ng Ch?m) thu?c ng? h? M&atilde; Lai ?a ??o (austronesien) nh? ti?ng Jaral, &Ecirc;?&ecirc;, Churu, Raglai v&agrave; Hroi v&agrave; m?t h? ng? kh&aacute;c, c?ng kh&aacute; quan tr?ng, c?a nh&oacute;m M&ocirc;n-Khmer thu?c ng? h? ?&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute;-Ch&acirc;u (austroasiatique). Ng&ocirc;n ng? Jaral, &Ecirc;?&ecirc;, Churu, Raglai v&agrave; Hroi c?ng n?m chung trong ngu?n g?c M&atilde; Lai ?a ??o nh?ng r?t g?n g?i v?i ti?ng Ch?m c? ??i h?n l&agrave; ti?ng Ch?m c?n ??i. Ng&ocirc;n ng? n&agrave;y l&agrave; ti?ng n&oacute;i r?t th?nh h&agrave;nh tr&ecirc;n khu v?c T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n so v?i ng&ocirc;n ng? thu?c gia ?&igrave;nh ?&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute;-Ch&acirc;u. Nh?ng bia k&yacute; vi?t b?ng Ph?n ng? v&agrave; Ch?m ng? c? ??i cho r?ng nh?ng ng??i sinh s?ng tr&ecirc;n T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n l&agrave; d&acirc;n t?c s? d?ng ng&ocirc;n ng? Chamic, c&oacute; s? li&ecirc;n h? r?t g?n g?i v?i ng??i Ch?m ? ??ng b?ng k? t? th? k? th? XII, trong khi ?&oacute; v?n ch??ng truy?n kh?u c?a d&acirc;n t?c T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n d&ugrave;ng ng&ocirc;n ng? ?&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute;-Ch&acirc;u th??ng n&oacute;i ??n c&aacute;c m?i quan h? gay g?t trong qu&aacute; kh? gi?a c?ng ??ng n&agrave;y v&agrave; s?c d&acirc;n Ch?m sinh s?ng ? ??ng b?ng.&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;D&acirc;n s?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nh? ch&uacute;ng ta ?&atilde; th?y, mi?n duy&ecirc;n h?i c?a Champa l&agrave; khu v?c ??nh c? c?a d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m, bao g?m c&oacute; c&aacute;c v&ugrave;ng ??t r?t h?n h?p v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng m?y thu?n l?i cho vi?c tr?ng tr?t. N&oacute; ch? cung c?p m?t s? l??ng hoa m&agrave;u gi?i h?n, &laquo;kh&ocirc;ng gi&uacute;p cho vi?c gia t?ng d&acirc;n s? m?t c&aacute;ch nhanh ch&oacute;ng n?u d&acirc;n t?c n&agrave;y kh&ocirc;ng t&igrave;m c&aacute;ch khai kh?n c&aacute;c v&ugrave;ng ??t m?i. Ti?c r?ng ng??i Ch?m kh&ocirc;ng bao gi? l&agrave;m chuy?n ?&oacute;, v&igrave; l&yacute; do t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o m&agrave; ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i ?&atilde; n&ecirc;u ra ? ph?n tr&ecirc;n. Theo truy?n th?ng t&iacute;n ng??ng, ng??i Ch?m kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; quy?n ??nh c? b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i bi&ecirc;n gi?i th&ocirc;n x&oacute;m c?a h?, t?c l&agrave; ??a b&agrave;n d&acirc;n c? ?&atilde; ???c quy ??nh b?i c&aacute;c th?n linh ph&ugrave; h? cho th&ocirc;n x&oacute;m n&agrave;y. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; th?, h? kh&ocirc;ng d&aacute;m n?i r?ng ??t ?ai ra kh?i bi&ecirc;n gi?i truy?n th?ng, v&igrave; s? kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n h??ng quy?n b?o b? c?a th?n linh Champa n?a. ?i?u n&agrave;y khi?n cho bi&ecirc;n gi?i c?a c&aacute;c l&agrave;ng x&atilde; v&agrave; ngay c? bi&ecirc;n gi?i c?a qu?c gia Champa tr? th&agrave;nh bi&ecirc;n gi?i c? ??nh v&agrave; v?nh vi?n, kh&ocirc;ng bao gi? thay ??i. Ch&iacute;nh ?&oacute; c?ng l&agrave; nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n ?&atilde; gi?i th&iacute;ch t?i sao d&acirc;n s? c?a Champa t?i c&aacute;c v&ugrave;ng ??ng b?ng kh&ocirc;ng h? thay ??i trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh l?ch s?.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tr&aacute;i ng??c v?i v&ugrave;ng duy&ecirc;n h?i, khu v?c cao nguy&ecirc;n Champa c&oacute; di?n t&iacute;ch r?ng m&ecirc;nh m&ocirc;ng, nh?ng ng??i d&acirc;n b?n ??a s?ng ? n?i ?&oacute; ch? bi?t khai kh?n ??t ?ai theo h&igrave;nh th?c du canh ??t r?ng l&agrave;m r?y, t?c l&agrave; c&ocirc;ng th?c canh t&aacute;c hoa m&agrave;u m?t c&aacute;ch li&ecirc;n t?c trong m?t th?i gian v&agrave;o kho?ng 3 n?m sau ?&oacute; ph?i b? hoang t? 15 ??n 20 n?m ?? cho ??t ?ai n&agrave;y tr? l?i m?u m? (P-B. Lafont, &laquo;Lagricultuire sur br&ucirc;lis chez les proto-indochinois des hauts plateaux du centre Vietnam&raquo;, ??ng trong Les cahiers d&rsquo;Outre-Mer. Revue de G&eacute;ographie, Tome XX, 196, trg. 37-50). Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; th?, d&acirc;n t?c b?n ??a s?ng ? mi?n cao c?a Champa kh&ocirc;ng th? gia t?ng ??t ?ai tr?ng tr?t c?ng nh? d&acirc;n s? c?a h? m?t c&aacute;ch nhanh ch&oacute;ng.&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nh?ng y?u t? v?a n&ecirc;u ra ?&atilde; ch?ng minh r?ng t? l? d&acirc;n s? Champa kh&ocirc;ng thay ??i cho ??n th?i k? c&aacute;o chung c?a n?n v?n minh ?n Gi&aacute;o v&agrave;o th? k? th? XV. N?u ng??i ta kh&ocirc;ng bi?t r&otilde; d&acirc;n s? c?a th?n d&acirc;n Champa v&agrave;o th? k? XVI-XIX l&agrave; bao nhi&ecirc;u, th&igrave; ng??i ta c?ng kh&ocirc;ng bi?t ch? s? th?t s? c?a d&acirc;n t?c Champa l&agrave; bao nhi&ecirc;u trong su?t chi?u d&agrave;i c?a l?ch s?. C?ng v&igrave; qu&aacute; ch&uacute; t&acirc;m ??n c&aacute;c s? ki?n mang n?i dung ?n Gi&aacute;o, c&aacute;c bia k&yacute; Champa ch? nh?c ??n m?t c&aacute;ch t&igrave;nh c? v&agrave;i bi?n c? li&ecirc;n quan ??n d&acirc;n c? trong v??ng qu?c n&agrave;y. N?u t? li?u n&agrave;y c&oacute; n&ecirc;u ra m?t v&agrave;i ch? s? d&acirc;n c? ?i n?a, th&igrave; ?&acirc;y ch? l&agrave; t?ng s? qu&acirc;n ??ch thua tr?n tr&ecirc;n b&atilde;i chi?n tr??ng, v?i s? l??ng ?&ocirc;i l&uacute;c ???c ph&oacute;ng ??i ?? nh?m t&acirc;ng b?c v&agrave; t&ocirc;n vinh c&aacute;c nh&agrave; l&atilde;nh ??o Champa th?ng tr?n th&igrave; ?&uacute;ng h?n (L. Einot, &laquo;Les Inscriptions de M?-s?n XXI A &amp;&nbsp; B&raquo; trong BEFFO IV, 1904, trg. 965). Theo bi&ecirc;n ni&ecirc;n s? Vi?t Nam, qu&acirc;n ??i Champa tr??c th? k? th? XV c&oacute; v&agrave;o kho?ng m?t tr?m ng&agrave;n ng??i, nh?ng ?&acirc;y ch? l&agrave; con s? mang t&iacute;nh ch?t suy ?o&aacute;n kh&ocirc;ng bi?u t??ng cho s? l??ng qu&acirc;n l&iacute;nh th?t s? c?a v??ng qu?c Champa th?i ?&oacute;. Ri&ecirc;ng d&acirc;n s? c?a th? ?&ocirc; Champa v&agrave;o th? k? th? XV, bi&ecirc;n ni&ecirc;n s? Vi?t Nam n&ecirc;u ra hai l?n. L?n ??u, t&agrave;i li?u n&agrave;y cho r?ng Th&agrave;nh ?? B&agrave;n (Vijaya) c&oacute; v&agrave;o kho?ng 2500 gia ?&igrave;nh (t??ng ???ng kho?ng m??i ng&agrave;n ng??i) v&agrave; l?n th? hai, b?y m??i ng&agrave;n ng??i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;V&agrave;o cu?i th? k? XX, ng??i ta c?ng kh&ocirc;ng bi?t m?t c&aacute;ch ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c s? l??ng ng??i Ch?m v&agrave; ng??i T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n ? mi?n trung Vi?t Nam. Nh?ng con s? do c&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u v&agrave; c&aacute;c vi?n th?ng k&ecirc; ch&iacute;nh th?c hay b&aacute;n ch&iacute;nh th?c ??a ra ch? l&agrave; con s? ph?ng ch?ng v&agrave; ?&ocirc;i l&uacute;c th&ecirc;m b?t ?? x&aacute;c minh cho l&yacute; thuy?t c?a h? m&agrave; th&ocirc;i. Th&iacute; d? ?i?n h&igrave;nh l&agrave; d&acirc;n s? ng??i Ch?m t?i Vi?t Nam xu?t hi?n trong c&aacute;c t&agrave;i li?u th??ng thay ??i t? 76000 ng??i (Cao Xu&acirc;n Ph?, Hanoi, 1988) cho ??n 95000 ng??i Ch?m (Po Dharma, Paris, 1997) trong l&uacute;c ?&oacute; con s? 60000 ng??i d??ng nh? g?n g?i v?i th?c t? h?n. V? ng??i Ch?m t?i Campuchia, h? l&agrave; t?p th? ?&atilde; b? r?i v&ugrave;ng ??ng b?ng duy&ecirc;n h?i Champa ra ?i l&aacute;nh n?n t? cu?i th? k? XV ?? tho&aacute;t kh?i c&aacute;c th?m h?a Nam Ti?n c?a d&acirc;n t?c Vi?t. S? l??ng d&acirc;n s? c?a h? c?ng l&agrave; m?t v?n ?? ch?a gi?i quy?t th&iacute;ch ?&aacute;ng. C&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u &Acirc;u Ch&acirc;u th??ng nh?m l?n h? v?i c&aacute;c ng??i M&atilde; Lai sinh s?ng t?i Campuchia, t?c l&agrave; hai d&acirc;n t?c c&ugrave;ng chung m?t gia ?&igrave;nh ng&ocirc;n ng? v&agrave; t&iacute;n ng??ng H?i Gi&aacute;o v&agrave; th??ng li&ecirc;n h? v?i nhau qua c&aacute;c cu?c h&ocirc;n nh&acirc;n h?n h?p. Th&ecirc;m v&agrave;o ?&oacute;, c&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u &Acirc;u Ch&acirc;u c?ng kh&ocirc;ng bao gi? ??a ra m?t con s? ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c hay kho?ng&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ch?ng li&ecirc;n quan ??n t?ng s? ri&ecirc;ng c?a ng??i Ch?m hay ng??i M&atilde; Lai t?i v??ng qu?c Campuchia, m&agrave; ch? n&ecirc;u ra t?ng s? chung c?a c?ng ??ng Ch?m-M&atilde; Lai theo H?i Gi&aacute;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;m&agrave; th&ocirc;i. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; th?, s? l??ng d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m v&agrave; M&atilde; Lai t?i Campuchia v?n l&agrave; m?t l&yacute; thuy?t mang t&iacute;nh c&aacute;ch tr?u t??ng m&agrave; th&ocirc;i. Con s? ?&aacute;ng tin c?y nh?t m&agrave; ng??i ta th??ng ngh? ??n l&agrave; con s? c?a vi?n ?i?u tra d&acirc;n s? th?c hi?n v&agrave;o n?m 1998 th?ng k&ecirc; c&oacute; 250000 ng??i Khmer Islam t?c l&agrave; c? ng??i M&atilde; Lai v&agrave; ng??i Ch?m theo ??o H?i Gi&aacute;o c?ng l?i. Ng??c l?i v?i nh?ng g&igrave; m&agrave; ng??i ta th??ng ??a ra, ch? s? ng??i Ch?m &iacute;t h?n ng??i M&atilde; Lai. K? t? ?&oacute;, ng??i ta ??c l??ng d&acirc;n s? ng??i Ch?m t?i Campuchia, t?c l&agrave; t?p th? t? cho m&igrave;nh g?c Ch?m v&agrave; n&oacute;i ti?ng n&oacute;i Ch?m, c&oacute; v&agrave;o kho?ng 100000 ng??i.&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;T? khi chi?n tranh ?&ocirc;ng D??ng l?n th? hai ch?m d?t v&agrave;o n?m 1975, c&oacute; v&agrave;o kho?ng 20000 ng??i Ch?m sang ??nh c? ??nh c? t?i M&atilde; Lai v&agrave; m?t s? l??ng nh? h?n t?i mi?n t&acirc;y c?a Hoa k? v&agrave; C?ng H&ograve;a Ph&aacute;p. H?u nh? to&agrave;n th? c&aacute;c ng??i t? n?n n&agrave;y l&agrave; ng??i Khmer Islam ?&atilde; r?i b? Campuchia t? khi qu&acirc;n Khmer ?? n?m ch&iacute;nh quy?n v&agrave;o n?m 1975. ?a s? nh?ng ng??i t? n?n n&agrave;y t? cho m&igrave;nh g?c M&atilde; Lai ch? kh&ocirc;ng ph?i l&agrave; Ch?m. M?t s? c&ograve;n l?i, th??ng t? gi?i thi?u m&igrave;nh l&agrave; ng??i Muslim thay v&igrave; ng??i Ch?m H?i Gi&aacute;o. C&ograve;n nh?ng ng??i Ch?m t? n?n ? n??c ngo&agrave;i xu?t th&acirc;n t? mi?n trung Vi?t Nam th&igrave; c&oacute; s? l??ng r?t &iacute;t. H? ?&atilde; b? x? ra ?i v&igrave; s? b? tr? th&ugrave; sau bi?n c? 1975.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Li&ecirc;n quan ??n ng??i T&acirc;y Nguy&ecirc;n c&oacute; ti?ng n&oacute;i thu?c gia ?&igrave;nh ng&ocirc;n ng? ?a ??o, d&acirc;n s? c?a h? v?n c&ograve;n lu m? m?c d&ugrave; b?ng ?i?u tra n?m 1991 ?&atilde; li?t k&ecirc; nh? sau: d&acirc;n t?c &Ecirc; ?&ecirc; (Rhad&eacute;) c&oacute; v&agrave;o kho?ng 194000 ng??i m?c d&ugrave; ch? s? c?a h? kh&ocirc;ng qu&aacute; 120000 ng??i ; d&acirc;n t?c Raglai c&oacute; 71696 trong l&uacute;c ?&oacute; h? ch? c&oacute; kho?ng 50000 ng??i ; D&acirc;n t?c Churu c&oacute; 10746 ; d&acirc;n t?c Jrai d??ng nh? c&oacute; kho?ng 15000.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ngu?n: https://vi.ripvn.org/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2566/væ°æ¡ng-quá»‘c-champa-äá»‹a-dæ°-dã¢n-cæ°-vã -lá»‹ch-sá»­-dã¢n-cæ°-ngã´n-ng/</guid>
			<pubDate>Sun, 20 Dec 2020 23:49:12 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>Kaka</dc:creator>
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			<title>Váº¡n lÃ½ tÆ°á»ng thÃ nh Champa dÃ i nháº¥t ÄÃ´ng Nam Ã</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2563/váº¡n-lã½-tæ°á»ng-thã nh-champa-dã i-nháº¥t-äã´ng-nam-ã/</link>
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&lt;p&gt;V?n l&yacute; t??ng th&agrave;nh Champa d&agrave;i nh?t ?&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Trung t&acirc;m tr??ng Vi?n ?&ocirc;ng B&aacute;c c? Ph&aacute;p t?i H&agrave; N?i, v?a t? ch?c cu?c h?p b&aacute;o c&aacute;o khoa h?c c?a ch??ng tr&igrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c?u l?ch s? di s?n Tr??ng l?y t?i Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i- B&igrave;nh ??nh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L?y c? Ho&agrave;nh S?n hay c&ograve;n g?i l&agrave; l?y Ho&agrave;n V??ng, th?c t? ?&acirc;y l&agrave; l?y ???c x?p b?ng ?&aacute; k&eacute;o d&agrave;i theo c&aacute;c d&atilde;y ??i n&uacute;i c?a Ho&agrave;nh S?n t? T&acirc;y sang ?&ocirc;ng (L?y ?&aacute; L&acirc;m ?p x&acirc;y, ???ng b? T? An ??p), Ng&ocirc; T? An t? th?i L&ecirc; Ho&agrave;n ?&atilde; sai l&agrave;m ???ng v??t ?&egrave;o Ngang sang mi?n ??a l&yacute; c?a Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh &ldquo;m&ugrave;a thu th&aacute;ng 8, Nh&acirc;m Th&igrave;n (992), sai Ph? Qu?c l&agrave; Ng&ocirc; T? An ?em 3 v?n ng??i ?i m? ???ng b? t? c?a bi?n Nam gi?i ??n ch&acirc;u ??a L&yacute;&rdquo;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Th?c ch?t L?y ho&agrave;nh s?n ???c h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh do V??ng qu?c Champa l?p n&ecirc;n t? nh?ng ng&agrave;y ??u l?p qu?c, sau ?&oacute; ??n th?i nh&agrave; nguy?n nam ti?n tr&ugrave;ng tu th&ecirc;m. Tr??ng l?y Qu?ng B&igrave;nh,Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i- B&igrave;nh ??nh ???c c&aacute;c nh&agrave; kh?o c? h?c trong v&agrave; ngo&agrave;i n??c b?t ??u nghi&ecirc;n c?u t? n?m 2005. Tr??ng l?y ???c x&acirc;y d?ng t? tr??c th? k? 17-19, c&oacute; chi?u d&agrave;i kho?ng 200 km, k&eacute;o d&agrave;i t? huy?n Tr&agrave; B?ng (t?nh Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i) ??n huy?n An L&atilde;o (t?nh B&igrave;nh ??nh). N&oacute; ?i qua ??a ph?n 9 huy?n, g?m: Tr&agrave; B?ng, S?n T?nh, S?n H&agrave;, T? Ngh?a, Minh Long, Ngh?a H&agrave;nh, Ba T?, ??c Ph? (Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i) v&agrave; Ho&agrave;i Nh?n, An L&atilde;o (B&igrave;nh ??nh), ch?y d?c theo d&atilde;y Tr??ng S?n. ?&acirc;y l&agrave; m?t c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh c&oacute; gi&aacute; tr? v?n h&oacute;a ??c bi?t, ???c x&acirc;y d?ng b?ng m? h&ocirc;i, c&ocirc;ng s?c v&agrave; s? h?p t&aacute;c gi?a 2 c?ng ??ng ng??i Hr&ecirc; v&agrave; ng??i Vi?t. L?y ??p b?ng ??t v&agrave; ?&aacute;. ? nh?ng v? tr&iacute; d?c l?n, hay n&uacute;i, l?y ???c ??p ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n b?ng ?&aacute; ?? tr&aacute;nh s?t l?, chi?u cao th&ocirc;ng th??ng t? 1 ??n 3 m&eacute;t, c&oacute; ?i?m cao 4 m; m?t tr??ng l?y r?ng 2,5 m, ch&acirc;n d&agrave;y t?i 4 m. Khai qu?t t?i m?t s? ?i?m nh? ??n X&oacute;m ?&egrave;o, ??n Thi&ecirc;n Xu&acirc;n... ph&aacute;t hi?n nhi?u ?? g?m, ??t nung, s&agrave;nh. ? khu v?c n&uacute;i cao, hi?m tr?, di t&iacute;ch g?n nh? c&ograve;n nguy&ecirc;n v?n. Theo ?&aacute;nh gi&aacute; c?a TS.Christopher Young-??i di?n H?i ??ng Di s?n Anh- ng??i ?&atilde; nhi?u n?m ho?t ??ng nghi&ecirc;n c?u t?i Ch&acirc;u &Aacute;, trong ?&oacute; c&oacute; Vi?t Nam cho r?ng, Tr??ng l?y Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i- B&igrave;nh ??nh l&agrave; c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh tr??ng l?y d&agrave;i nh?t ?&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute; v&agrave; c&oacute; th? ??ng th? 2 Ch&acirc;u &Aacute;, sau V?n L&yacute; Tr??ng Th&agrave;nh ? Trung Qu?c. GS. Phan Huy L&ecirc; cho bi?t, s? kh&aacute;c bi?t gi?a Tr??ng l?y Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i- B&igrave;nh ??nh v?i c&aacute;c c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh tr??ng l?y kh&aacute;c l&agrave; ? ch? c&oacute; s? giao thoa gi?a c&aacute;ch s?p x?p ?&aacute;, ??t c?a tr??ng l?y. ?i?u ??c bi?t nh?t c&oacute; th? kh&ocirc;ng t&igrave;m th?y tr&ecirc;n th? gi?i l&agrave; s? ph?i h?p, th?a thu?n gi?a hai c?ng ??ng ng??i Kinh v&agrave; Hr&ecirc; trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh x&acirc;y d?ng tr??ng l?y. Do ?&oacute;, tr??c h?t n&oacute; mang &yacute; ngh?a h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, &yacute; ngh?a kinh t?, giao th??ng r?i m?i ??n &yacute; ngh?a qu&acirc;n s?. D?a v&agrave;o nh?ng hi?n v?t g?m khai qu?t c&oacute; xu?t x? t? Chu ??u (t?nh H?i D??ng), B&aacute;t Tr&agrave;ng (H&agrave; N?i) ni&ecirc;n ??i th? k? 17 &ndash; 18, r?i nh?ng m?nh g?m men, s? Trung Hoa th?i Thanh, g?m nung, s&agrave;nh c?a mi?n Trung... nh?ng nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u nh?n ??nh: ?&acirc;y l&agrave; nh?ng s?n ph?m g?m c&oacute; ???c qua s? giao l?u th??ng m?i. C?ng t?i cu?c h?p, nhi?u &yacute; ki?n cho r?ng c?n ph?i thi?t l?p ngay m?t c? s? ph&aacute;p l&yacute; ?? qu?n l&yacute;, b?o v? di s?n n&agrave;y. N?n v?n h&oacute;a Ch?mpa l&acirc;u ??i, ??c ?&aacute;o, l&agrave; m?t th&agrave;nh ph?n quan tr?ng t?o n&ecirc;n b?n s?c v?n h&oacute;a d&acirc;n t?c Vi?t Nam. Vi?c nghi&ecirc;n c?u v?n h&oacute;a Ch?mpa Qu?ng B&igrave;nh g&oacute;p ph?n t&iacute;ch c?c cho vi?c nh?n di?n v?n h&oacute;a n&agrave;y, v?i nh?ng ?&oacute;ng g&oacute;p c?a n&oacute; trong t?ng th? v?n h&oacute;a Qu?ng B&igrave;nh n&oacute;i ri&ecirc;ng, d&acirc;n t?c n&oacute;i chung. Qu?ng B&igrave;nh, c?u n?i hai mi?n, n?i nu&ocirc;i d??ng n?n v?n h&oacute;a Ch?mpa c&oacute; b? d&agrave;y g?n 10 th? k? (t? th? k? 2 ??n th? k? 10), v?i nh?ng di t&iacute;ch, di v?t v?n h&oacute;a Ch?mpa &nbsp;???c ph&aacute;t hi?n kh&aacute; phong ph&uacute;, nhi?u lo?i h&igrave;nh. Nh?ng nh&igrave;n chung c&aacute;c lo?i h&igrave;nh di t&iacute;ch di v?t ?&oacute; th??ng t?p trung v&agrave;o: l?y, th&agrave;nh, m?, th&aacute;p, t??ng, v?n bia, h? th?ng cung c?p n??c v&agrave; n?i c? tr&uacute;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L?y th&agrave;nh: &nbsp;Tr&ecirc;n d?i ??t mi?n Trung hi?n nay, ch&uacute;ng ta v?n c&ograve;n th?y v?t t&iacute;ch c?a m?t s? th&agrave;nh, l?y c? Ch?mpa &nbsp;nh? th&agrave;nh C? L?y (Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i), th&agrave;nh ?? B&agrave;n (B&igrave;nh ??nh), th&agrave;nh H&oacute;a Ch&acirc;u, th&agrave;nh L?i (Th?a Thi&ecirc;n-Hu?)... Nh?ng th&agrave;nh n&agrave;y th??ng ???c x&acirc;y d?ng ? nh?ng v? tr&iacute; xung y?u, g?n c?a s&ocirc;ng, c?n bi?n, hay ng&atilde; ba s&ocirc;ng. Khi x&acirc;y d?ng, ng??i Ch?mpa l?i d?ng t?i ?a ??a h&igrave;nh t? nhi&ecirc;n nh? s&ocirc;ng, g&ograve;, ??i, n&uacute;i... ?? t?ng c??ng t&iacute;nh ph&ograve;ng th?, ph&ograve;ng ng? c?a tr??ng th&agrave;nh v&agrave; h&agrave;o l?y. Qu?ng B&igrave;nh, m?nh ??t t? ?&egrave;o Ngang ??n H? C?, c&oacute; c&aacute;c l?y, th&agrave;nh ???c ng??i Ch?m x&acirc;y d?ng t??ng ??i qui m&ocirc;. ?&oacute; l&agrave; l?y c? Ho&agrave;nh S?n, ph? th&agrave;nh L&acirc;m ?p (huy?n Qu?ng Tr?ch); th&agrave;nh K? H? hay c&ograve;n g?i l&agrave; th&agrave;nh Khu T&uacute;c, th&agrave;nh L?i (huy?n B? Tr?ch) v&agrave; th&agrave;nh Nh&agrave; Ngo hay g?i l&agrave; Ninh Vi?n th&agrave;nh (huy?n L? Th?y).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L?y c? Ho&agrave;nh S?n hay c&ograve;n g?i l&agrave; l?y Ho&agrave;n V??ng, th?c t? ?&acirc;y l&agrave; l?y ???c x?p b?ng ?&aacute; k&eacute;o d&agrave;i theo c&aacute;c d&atilde;y ??i n&uacute;i c?a Ho&agrave;nh S?n t? T&acirc;y sang ?&ocirc;ng (L?y ?&aacute; L&acirc;m ?p x&acirc;y, ???ng b? T? An ??p), Ng&ocirc; T? An t? th?i L&ecirc; Ho&agrave;n ?&atilde; sai l&agrave;m ???ng v??t ?&egrave;o Ngang sang mi?n ??a l&yacute; c?a Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh &ldquo;m&ugrave;a thu th&aacute;ng 8, Nh&acirc;m Th&igrave;n (992), sai Ph? Qu?c l&agrave; Ng&ocirc; T? An ?em 3 v?n ng??i ?i m? ???ng b? t? c?a bi?n Nam gi?i ??n ch&acirc;u ??a L&yacute;&rdquo; &ndash; (To&agrave;n th? b?n k? - quy?n 1).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;??i Nam nh?t th?ng ch&iacute; &nbsp;c?ng g?i L&acirc;m ?p th? l?y l&agrave; l?y Ho&agrave;n V??ng. L?y k&eacute;o d&agrave;i t? n&uacute;i Th&agrave;nh Thang &nbsp;ch?y qua c&aacute;c x&atilde; T&ocirc; X&aacute;, V&acirc;n T?p, Ph&ugrave; L?u, v??t qua n&uacute;i, quanh theo khe. Nay do chi?n tranh v&agrave; do nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ??a ph??ng san ?i l&agrave;m n?n nh&agrave;, tr?ng tr?t n&ecirc;n l?y b? ng?t t?ng ?o?n, nh?ng v?n k&eacute;o d&agrave;i h&agrave;ng ch?c km, c&oacute; n?i cao 3-4m, ch&acirc;n l?y r?ng 15-20m, m?t l?y c&ograve;n l?i t?i 5m.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ph&iacute;a nam, c&aacute;ch Linh Giang (s&ocirc;ng Gianh) 1km c&oacute; th&agrave;nh K? H? (th&agrave;nh L?i, th&agrave;nh Khu T&uacute;c) n?m gi?a c&aacute;nh ??ng x&atilde; H? Tr?ch (B? Tr?ch). S&aacute;ch T?n Th? (quy?n 97) ch&eacute;p: N?m V?nh H&ograve;a th? 3(347) vua L&acirc;m ?p l&agrave; Ph?m V?n ?&aacute;nh Nh?t Nam, th&ocirc;ng b&aacute;o v?i th? s? Giao Ch&acirc;u Chu Phi&ecirc;n (Ph?n) ?&ograve;i l?y Ho&agrave;nh S?n l&agrave;m ranh gi?i&rdquo;. Ph?m V?n sai l?y ?&aacute; ??p l?y v&agrave; c?ng b?t ??u x&acirc;y th&agrave;nh Khu T&uacute;c tr&ecirc;n s&ocirc;ng Th? Linh (s&ocirc;ng Gianh).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Th&agrave;nh Khu T&uacute;c hi?n nay v?n c&ograve;n, c&oacute; h&igrave;nh ch? nh?t, th&agrave;nh ??p b?ng ??t c&oacute; 3 c?a, c?a Nam, c?a B?c kh&ocirc;ng r&otilde; l?m (do nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ??a ph??ng &nbsp;san th&agrave;nh ?? t&aacute;ng m?), c?a ?&ocirc;ng r?ng 16m. Chi?u r?ng th&agrave;nh theo h??ng B?c- Nam l&agrave; 179m. Chi?u d&agrave;i th&agrave;nh theo h??ng ?&ocirc;ng- T&acirc;y l&agrave; 249m. M?t tr&ecirc;n th&agrave;nh r?ng 5m, ch&acirc;n th&agrave;nh r?ng 10m8, ?? cao c?a th&agrave;nh trung b&igrave;nh c&ograve;n l&agrave; 1,7m, bao quanh th&agrave;nh c&oacute; h&agrave;o r?ng x?p x? 30m. Nay h&agrave;o ?&atilde; v&agrave; ?ang b? l?p d?n. Ch&acirc;n th&agrave;nh ???c k&egrave; ?&aacute; t? ong v&agrave; g?ch Ch?m. G?ch c&oacute; k&iacute;ch th??c 18x10x40 cm, c&oacute; lo?i m&agrave;u v&agrave;ng v&agrave; m&agrave;u ghi.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;S? ra ??i c?a th&agrave;nh L?i (Khu T&uacute;c) ? khu v?c ph&iacute;a B?c Qu?ng B&igrave;nh c&oacute; m?i quan h? m?t thi?t v?i ph? l?y L&acirc;m ?p, l&agrave; bi?u hi?n c? th? c?a vi?c L&acirc;m ?p b? tr&iacute; ho&agrave;n ch?nh c&aacute;c c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh ph&ograve;ng th? c?a m&igrave;nh, t?o c? s? cho vi?c gi? v?ng v&ugrave;ng bi&ecirc;n ??a n&agrave;y. Ph? l?y L&acirc;m ?p v?i th&agrave;nh L?i s? gi&uacute;p ch&uacute;ng ta nh?n ra t&iacute;nh h? th?ng trong ch?c n?ng b? tr? l?n nhau c?a ch&uacute;ng. Th&agrave;nh L?i l&agrave; n?i ??t ??i b?n doanh c?a qu&acirc;n binh v&ugrave;ng bi&ecirc;n ??a, n?i t?p k?t ?&oacute;ng qu&acirc;n, n?i ng??i Ch?m ??ng v?ng v&agrave; v??n l&ecirc;n gi&agrave;nh ph?n ch? th? ch&iacute;nh cai qu?n v&ugrave;ng ??t n&agrave;y trong su?t m?t th?i gian d&agrave;i, qua ?&oacute; ?? l?i m?t h? th?ng ?a d?ng, phong ph&uacute; v? lo?i h&igrave;nh c&aacute;c di t&iacute;ch v?n h&oacute;a tr&ecirc;n ??a b&agrave;n Qu?ng B&igrave;nh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;? L? Th?y c&oacute; th&agrave;nh nh&agrave; Ngo (thu?c hai l&agrave;ng U?n &Aacute;o v&agrave; Qui H?u), qua th?c ??a th&igrave; th&agrave;nh c&oacute; chi?u d&agrave;i ?&ocirc;ng - T&acirc;y l&agrave; 500m, r?ng theo h??ng B?c - Nam l&agrave; 300m. Th&agrave;nh ?&atilde; b? san ?i, d&acirc;n l&agrave;m nh&agrave;, l&agrave;m v??n tr&ecirc;n m?t th&agrave;nh, m?t th&agrave;nh hi?n nay c&ograve;n l?i kho?ng 20m, c&ograve;n m?t c?a ph&iacute;a ?&ocirc;ng B?c l&agrave; t??ng ??i r&otilde;, r?ng &nbsp;15m. Th&agrave;nh c&ograve;n cao kho?ng 1m55. Ri&ecirc;ng ?o?n ?&ocirc;ng Nam c&ograve;n l?i cao 2,4m. Ch&acirc;n th&agrave;nh k&egrave; ?&aacute; t? ong, ?&aacute; h?c v&agrave; g?ch Ch?m. Bao quanh ba ph&iacute;a (T&acirc;y, ?&ocirc;ng, B?c) c&oacute; h&agrave;o r?ng kho?ng &nbsp;29m. Ri&ecirc;ng ph&iacute;a Nam c&oacute; s&ocirc;ng Ki?n Giang mang vai tr&ograve; nh? m?t h&agrave;o l?n b?o v? th&agrave;nh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L?y, th&agrave;nh c?a ng??i Ch?m ? Qu?ng B&igrave;nh nh? k? tr&ecirc;n &nbsp;l&agrave; k?t qu? c?a vi?c s? d?ng tri?t ?? ?i?u ki?n t? nhi&ecirc;n s?n c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng ??a h&igrave;nh, v? tr&iacute; ??a l&yacute;, s&ocirc;ng ng&ograve;i, l&agrave;m cho n&oacute; tr? th&agrave;nh nh?ng ph&aacute;o ?&agrave;i ph&ograve;ng th? ch?c ch?n m&agrave; c&aacute;c nh&agrave; qu&acirc;n s? t? Ch?mpa , Nguy?n, Tr?nh ??u nh&igrave;n ra t?m quan tr?ng, ?u th? c?a c&aacute;c v? tr&iacute; tuy?t v?i ?y ?? ti?p t?c c?i t?o, tu b? s? d?ng &nbsp;cho &yacute; ?? chi?n l??c c?a m&igrave;nh. Th?i Tr?nh &ndash; Nguy?n ph&acirc;n tranh, ch&uacute;a Nguy?n (nam s&ocirc;ng Gianh) c?i t?o s? d?ng l?i th&agrave;nh Cao Lao &ndash; th&agrave;nh K? H? c&ograve;n ? B?c B? Ch&iacute;nh (b?c S&ocirc;ng Gianh), ch&uacute;a Tr?nh c?i t?o, tu b?, s? d?ng l?i h? l?y L&acirc;m ?p g?i l&agrave; C? Dinh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ngo&agrave;i l?y L&acirc;m ?p c&oacute; &yacute; ngh?a ph&acirc;n chia l&atilde;nh th? c?a hai qu?c gia ??i Vi?t, Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh th&igrave; th&agrave;nh Nh&agrave; Ngo, th&agrave;nh K? H? ??u x&acirc;y ??p tr&ecirc;n c&aacute;c tri?n s&ocirc;ng c&oacute; h??ng xu&ocirc;i v? c&aacute;c c?a bi?n (K? H?- s&ocirc;ng Gianh- c?a Gianh - Nh&agrave; Ngo &ndash; Ki?n Giang-Nh?t L?) nh?m t?o th? giao th&ocirc;ng thu?n l?i b?ng s&ocirc;ng bi?n, tr?n gi? ??a b&agrave;n tr?ng y?u ven bi?n Qu?ng B&igrave;nh, b?o v? ch? quy?n, l&atilde;nh th?, ph&aacute;t huy th? m?nh c?a ??a h&igrave;nh trong th&ocirc;ng th??ng bu&ocirc;n b&aacute;n v?i th??ng gia n??c ngo&agrave;i.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;M?: Th&ocirc;n V&acirc;n T?p,x&atilde; Qu?ng L?u t? bao ??i nay v?n l?u truy?n v? m?t ng&ocirc;i m? linh thi&ecirc;ng g?n li?n v?i truy?n con l?n v&agrave;ng xu?t hi?n, ch&oacute;i s&aacute;ng v&agrave;o ban ?&ecirc;m, h? ch?y v? tr&ecirc;n ng&ocirc;i m? l&agrave; bi?n m?t. Nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ??a ph??ng truy?n l?i cho nhau r?ng ?&acirc;y l&agrave; ng&ocirc;i m? c?a vua Ch?m (vua L?i, vua L?i).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;??i Nam nh?t th?ng ch&iacute; g?i l&agrave;: &ldquo;Chuy?n l?ng ? x&atilde; V&acirc;n T?p, r?ng v&agrave;i m?u, g?ch x?a ch?t ??ng nh? n&uacute;i... L?ng ?y ?i v&agrave;o 5 b??c c&oacute; c?a h&igrave;nh ng?c khu&ecirc; (tr&ecirc;n nh?n d??i vu&ocirc;ng) hai b&ecirc;n x&acirc;y ?&aacute; vu&ocirc;ng, chu vi ??u 1 th??c 5 t?c, tr&ecirc;n m?t ch?m n?i h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng, nghi ?&oacute; l&agrave; c&aacute;i L?ng c? c?a Ho&agrave;n V??ng&rdquo; (hi?u vua Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh t&ecirc;n l&agrave; Gia C&aacute;t ??a). C?n c? v&agrave;o nh?ng t&agrave;i li?u thu th?p ???c trong ??t khai qu?t g?n ?&acirc;y v&agrave; nh?ng c? li?u li&ecirc;n quan ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i cho r?ng ?&acirc;y l&agrave; ng&ocirc;i m? m&agrave; ch? nh&acirc;n l&agrave; ng??i Ch?m, ???c x&acirc;y d?ng r?t c&ocirc;ng phu, qui m&ocirc;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sau nh?ng ph&aacute;t hi?n c?a M.Colani th&aacute;ng 7 n?m 1935 t?i Kh??ng H&agrave; (B? Tr?ch) v? m? v&ograve; v&agrave; c&aacute;ch ch&ocirc;n ng??i ch?t trong c&aacute;c v&ograve; m&agrave; b&agrave; cho l&agrave; c?a ng??i v?n h&oacute;a Sa Hu?nh c&oacute; quan h? b?ng c&aacute;c thuy?n bu?m (Kh??ng H&agrave; n?m s&aacute;t s&ocirc;ng Son, ??u ngu?n s&ocirc;ng Gianh) th&igrave; nh?ng t&iacute;n hi?u ??n nay c&agrave;ng ???c s&aacute;ng t? b?i nh?ng khu m? ki?u ti?n Ch?mpa v&agrave; Ch?mpa ? Qu?ng B&igrave;nh ???c ph&aacute;t hi?n r?t nhi?u.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;?&oacute; l&agrave; c&aacute;c khu m? t&aacute;ng c?a ng??i Ch?m ? th&ocirc;n Ph&uacute; X&aacute; (Quang Ph&uacute;), ? H?u Cung (L?c ??i), ? Phong Nha (B? Tr?ch), ? Qu?ng L?u, Qu?ng Th?, Qu?ng S?n, Qu?ng Th?y (Qu?ng Tr?ch v&agrave; Ba ??n)... Nh?ng m? v&ograve; n&agrave;y th??ng t&aacute;ng 3 ??n 5 v&ograve;, ch?m mi?ng v&agrave;o nhau, v&ograve; c&oacute; k&iacute;ch th??c cao 40-50cm, ???ng k&iacute;nh mi?ng 10-12cm, v&ograve; c&oacute; m&agrave;u v&agrave;ng hay s?m, c&oacute; n?p ??y, trong v&ograve; c&oacute; m&ugrave;n ?en - l?i h?a t&aacute;ng quen thu?c c?a ng??i Ch?m.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Th&aacute;p: Hi?n nay ? Qu?ng B&igrave;nh d?u t&iacute;ch c&ograve;n r?t m? nh?t, n?m 1995 theo t&agrave;i li?u c? ?? l?i, ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i l?n theo s? ch? d?n c?a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ??a ph??ng t?i hai n?i: ??i H?u (thu?c x&atilde; An Ninh, huy?n Qu?ng Ninh) x&atilde; M? ??c, x&atilde; S?n Th?y (huy?n L? Th?y). T?i c&aacute;c n?i n&agrave;y ch? c&ograve;n l?i d?u t&iacute;ch c?a n?n th&aacute;p v&agrave; r?t nhi?u g?ch Ch?m, d&acirc;n ??a ph??ng cho bi?t, tr??c ?&acirc;y c&oacute; t??ng Ch?m nh?ng l&iacute;nh Ph&aacute;p ?&atilde; l?y ?i. Ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i ???c bi?t t??ng Ch?m ??i H?u, M? ??c ?ang ???c tr?ng b&agrave;y t?i B?o t&agrave;ng Ch?m Qu?ng Nam- &nbsp;?&agrave; N?ng v&agrave; B?o t&agrave;ng l?ch s? th&agrave;nh ph? H? Ch&iacute; Minh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;T??ng: N?m 1918, c&ugrave;ng v?i vi?c x&acirc;y d?ng b?o t&agrave;ng Ch?m (Musse Ch?m) ?&agrave; N?ng, ng??i Ph&aacute;p ?&atilde; mang c&aacute;c s?u t?p t&aacute;c ph?m ?i&ecirc;u kh?c t??ng Ch?m c?a Qu?ng B&igrave;nh v&agrave;o tr?ng b&agrave;y t?i ?&acirc;y, m?t s? mang v&agrave;o S&agrave;i G&ograve;n, c&ograve;n l?i mang v? Ph&aacute;p. ??c bi?t, trong kho c?a B?o t&agrave;ng l?ch s? th&agrave;nh ph? H? Ch&iacute; Minh hi?n nay c&ograve;n 6 b?c t??ng ??ng (thu?c th? k? th? 7 ??n th? k? XI) ???c ph&aacute;t hi?n ? Qu?ng B&igrave;nh. ???c bi?t, c&ograve;n m?t b? s?u t?p t??ng Ch?m ? Qu?ng B&igrave;nh t?i th&agrave;nh Khu T&uacute;c (Cao Lao H?-B? Tr?ch) tr&ecirc;n m??i t??ng hi?n nay ?ang ???c tr?ng b&agrave;y ? m?t s? b?o t&agrave;ng c?a n??c C?ng h&ograve;a Ph&aacute;p.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N?m 1998, c&aacute;n b? b?o t&agrave;ng t?nh ?&atilde; ph&aacute;t hi?n v&agrave; s?u t?p ???c m?t t&aacute;c ph?m ?i&ecirc;u kh?c ??u t??ng Ch?m t?i th&ocirc;n T&acirc;y, ??i Ph&uacute;c, x&atilde; V?n Ninh, huy?n Qu?ng Ninh (x?a l&agrave; l&agrave;ng V?n Xu&acirc;n). ??u t??ng ???c ph&aacute;t hi?n d??i m?t l?p ??t ven b? ph&iacute;a ?&ocirc;ng c?a khe ? ?, ch?y t? n&uacute;i An M&atilde; v? c&aacute;nh ??ng ??i Ph&uacute;c qua v??n nh&agrave; anh V&otilde; V?n D?ng. Theo t&agrave;i li?u ?? l?i th&igrave; ?&acirc;y ng&agrave;y x?a c&oacute; m?t mi?u th? nh?ng nay ?&atilde; b? s?p, ch? c&ograve;n tr? l?i n?n m&oacute;ng ? ph&iacute;a T&acirc;y c?a b? su?i.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;?i?u th&uacute; v? h?n n?a l&agrave; Qu?ng B&igrave;nh c&oacute; ??ng Phong Nha, m?t &ldquo;?? nh?t k? quan ??ng&rdquo; g?n li?n v?i nh?ng t&ecirc;n g?i nh? ch&ugrave;a Hang, ??ng Ti&ecirc;n S?, ??ng Ch&ugrave;a, ??ng Tro&oacute;c... thu?c l&agrave;ng Phong Nha, x&atilde; S?n Tr?ch, huy?n B? Tr?ch. T? cu?i th? k? tr??c, c? ??o Ca?ie ?&atilde; t&igrave;m th?y d?u t&iacute;ch m?t b&agrave;n th? v&agrave; m?t s? ch? Ch?m tr&ecirc;n v&aacute;ch hang ??ng Phong Nha.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Th&aacute;ng 7 n?m 1995, ?o&agrave;n c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c h?n h?p do gi&aacute;o s? Tr?n Qu?c V??ng d?n ??u ?&atilde; t&igrave;m ???c trong khu v?c Ch&ugrave;a Hang &ndash; &ldquo;??ng Phong Nha&rdquo; d??i m?t l?p xi m?ng v&ocirc;i (26cm) 3 n?n x&acirc;y g?ch Ch?m, c&oacute; nhi?u t?ng ?&aacute; l?n (Granits) v&agrave; c&oacute; r?t nhi?u m?nh g?m Ch?m ?? n&acirc;u, r?t gi?ng g?m Tr&agrave; Ki?u, H?i An... n?m l?n v?i ?? b&aacute;t s? v&agrave; s? ???ng T?ng (th? k? 9-10). Ph&iacute;a B?c s&ocirc;ng Di Lu&acirc;n (s&ocirc;ng Ro&ograve;n ) c&oacute; bia B?c H&agrave; (x&atilde; Qu?ng Ph&uacute;, Qu?ng Tr?ch), tr??c ?&acirc;y c&oacute; mi?u Ch?m (?&atilde; b? m&aacute;y bay ?&aacute;nh s?p, bia b? v&ugrave;i d??i h? bom), ??c bi?t bia c&oacute; 4 ch? Ph?n, n?i dung n&oacute;i v? vi?c c&uacute;ng nh??ng ??t ?ai c?a vua Ch?m cho m?t Ph?t vi?n.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;B&ecirc;n c?nh c&aacute;c th&aacute;nh ??a n&ecirc;u tr&ecirc;n, ? Qu?ng B&igrave;nh c&ograve;n c&oacute; m?t h? th?ng gi?ng Ch?m, c?ng nh? c&aacute;c ??a ph??ng v&ugrave;ng duy&ecirc;n h?i nh? &nbsp;Qu?ng Tr?, Th?a Thi&ecirc;n-Hu?, ? Qu?ng B&igrave;nh d?c theo bi?n t? c?a Ro&ograve;n, c?a Gianh ??n c?a Nh?t L?, ??u ph&aacute;t hi?n ???c m?t s? gi?ng Ch?m, ?&oacute; l&agrave; c&aacute;c gi?ng c&oacute; d?ng h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng hay tr&ograve;n ???c k&egrave; ?&aacute; hay x?p g?ch, b&ecirc;n d??i c&oacute; l&aacute;t g?, n??c r?t ng?t, trong v?t v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng h? c?n, nh? c&aacute;c gi?ng ? Qu?ng T&ugrave;ng (gi?ng H?i), ? C?nh D??ng (Qu?ng Tr?ch), ? Thanh Tr?ch (B? Tr?ch), ??c Ninh (??ng H?i), La H&agrave;, Minh L? (Ba ??n) L? S?n, (Tuy&ecirc;n H&oacute;a), H?ng Th?y (L? Th?y)... &nbsp;Nhi?u gi?ng Ch?m hi?n nay v?n ???c ng??i Vi?t ti?p t?c s? d?ng nh? m?t c?u c&aacute;nh trong c&aacute;c m&ugrave;a h&egrave;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cho ??n nay, v&ugrave;ng ??t Qu?ng B&igrave;nh, n?i ??a ??u ph&iacute;a B?c c?a Ch?mpa c? ?ang ti?m ?n nhi?u ?i?u l&yacute; th&uacute;. B?ng s? l?u truy?n trong d&acirc;n gian v&agrave; nh?ng kh?o s&aacute;t th?c ??a, ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i ?&atilde; ph&aacute;t hi?n ???c nh?ng l&agrave;ng Ch?m ? Qu?ng B&igrave;nh nh? l&agrave;ng Tr?m, l&agrave;ng H&agrave; L?i (B? Tr?ch), c&aacute;nh ??ng Ch?m (Ph&ugrave; Kinh - Ph&ugrave; H&oacute;a - Qu?ng Tr?ch) ??ng Ch?m (Ph&ugrave; L?u, Qu?ng L?u, Qu?ng Tr?ch), x&oacute;m L?i (Qu?ng T&ugrave;ng, Qu?ng Tr?ch)... T?i nh?ng n?i n&agrave;y, b??c ??u ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i ?&atilde; ph&aacute;t hi?n ???c r?t nhi?u g?m Ch?m. Ng??i Ch?m c&oacute; m?t ? v&ugrave;ng ??t Qu?ng B&igrave;nh kh&aacute; s?m, n?u kh&ocirc;ng mu?n n&oacute;i l&agrave; s?m nh?t (th? k? th? 2-th? 3 sau CN), h? bi?t ch?n nh?ng v? tr&iacute; ??a h&igrave;nh l&yacute; t??ng ?? x&acirc;y ??p l?y th&agrave;nh b?o v? l&atilde;nh th?, ho?c x&aacute;c l?p ??a v?c h&agrave;nh ch&iacute;nh, d&ograve; t&igrave;m ngu?n n??c, ?&agrave;o gi?ng, kh?i m??ng ph?c v? s?n xu?t, tr?ng tr?t v&agrave; cu?c s?ng sinh ho?t...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;H? ?&atilde; s&aacute;ng t?o v&agrave; ?&atilde; ?? l?i m?t n?n v?n h&oacute;a ??c ?&aacute;o, ??c s?c b?ng c&aacute;c di t&iacute;ch, di v?t v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng qu&iacute; gi&aacute; trong kh&ocirc;ng gian v?n h&oacute;a g?n 10 th? k?, c?n ???c b?o v?, gi? g&igrave;n v&agrave; ph&aacute;t huy gi&aacute; tr?, b?i n?n v?n h&oacute;a n&agrave;y g&oacute;p ph?n l&agrave;m phong ph&uacute; th&ecirc;m b?n s?c v?n h&oacute;a c?a Qu?ng B&igrave;nh v&agrave; c?a c?ng ??ng c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t?c Vi?t Nam&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;??n nay, sau 7 n?m nghi&ecirc;n c?u kh?o s&aacute;t th?c ??a, c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h?c th?c hi?n D? &aacute;n Di t&iacute;ch Tr??ng l?y t&igrave;m th?y kho?ng 100 ??n. ?&atilde; khai qu?t kh?o c? 3 ??n thu?c huy?n Ngh?a H&agrave;nh, t?nh Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i. Hi?n nay, Vi?n Kh?o c? h?c Vi?t Nam ?ang ph?i h?p v?i S? V?n h&oacute;a, Th? thao v&agrave; Du l?ch B&igrave;nh ??nh khai qu?t kh?o c? di t&iacute;ch ??n Th? thu?c th&ocirc;n La Vu&ocirc;ng, x&atilde; Ho&agrave;i S?n, huy?n Ho&agrave;i Nh?n.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;C&aacute;c s&aacute;ch ??i Nam Th?c l?c, ??i Nam Nh?t Th?ng Ch&iacute;, B?n tri?u b?n ngh?ch li?t truy?n, ?&ocirc;ng Kh&aacute;nh ??a d? ch&iacute; ??u c&oacute; ch&eacute;p v? Tr??ng L?y: L?y d&agrave;i 177 d?m, ph&iacute;a B?c gi&aacute;p huy?n H&agrave; ?&ocirc;ng t?nh Qu?ng Nam, ph&iacute;a Nam gi&aacute;p huy?n B?ng S?n t?nh B&igrave;nh ??nh. L?y do L&ecirc; V?n Duy?t &ndash; T?ng tr?n mi?n Nam d??i th?i Gia Long ??c th&uacute;c x&acirc;y d?ng t? n?m 1819. Tr&ecirc;n ??a ph?n B&igrave;nh ??nh, c&aacute;c nh&agrave; kh?o c? ?&atilde; ph&aacute;t hi?n Tr??ng L?y ?i qua 2 huy?n Ho&agrave;i Nh?n v&agrave; An L&atilde;o, di t&iacute;ch ?? l?i kh&aacute; r&otilde; n&eacute;t v?i b? l?y hi?n c&ograve;n cao t? 1m ??n 3m, m?t l?y r?ng t? 1m ??n 2m, ch&acirc;n l?y t? 4m ??n 6m v&agrave; c&oacute; h? th?ng ??n x&acirc;y d?ng d?c theo ph&iacute;a ?&ocirc;ng b? l?y.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;S&aacute;ch &ldquo;??i Nam Th?c l?c&rdquo; ch&eacute;p: d?c theo l?y c&oacute; t?i 115 ??n, m?i ??n &nbsp;c&oacute; 1 t?p 10 l&iacute;nh g&aacute;c. ?&acirc;y l&agrave; m?t ki?n tr&uacute;c S?n ph&ograve;ng ??c bi?t c?a h? th?ng Tr??ng L?y Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i &ndash; B&igrave;nh ??nh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N?m 2009 v&agrave; 2010, Trung t&acirc;m Vi?n ?&ocirc;ng B&aacute;c C? Ph&aacute;p t?i H&agrave; N?i ph?i h?p v?i Vi?n Kh?o c? h?c Vi?t Nam, S? V?n h&oacute;a, Th? thao v&agrave; Du l?ch t?nh Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i khai qu?t 3 ??n thu?c huy?n Ngh?a H&agrave;nh: di t&iacute;ch Thi&ecirc;n Xu&acirc;n (H&agrave;nh T&iacute;n ?&ocirc;ng), di t&iacute;ch R?m ??n v&agrave; di t&iacute;ch ?&egrave;o Chim H&uacute;t (H&agrave;nh D?ng).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;V?a qua, Vi?n Kh?o c? h?c Vi?t Nam ph?i h?p v?i S? V?n h&oacute;a, Th? thao v&agrave; Du l?ch t?nh B&igrave;nh ??nh khai qu?t kh?o c? h?c di t&iacute;ch ??n Th? d??i ch&acirc;n H&ograve;n B? thu?c th&ocirc;n La Vu&ocirc;ng, x&atilde; Ho&agrave;i S?n, huy?n Ho&agrave;i Nh?n.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Theo ng??i d&acirc;n ??a ph??ng, s? d? g?i l&agrave; ??n Th? l&agrave; g?i theo t&ecirc;n m?t ng??i l&iacute;nh gi? ??n t&ecirc;n Th?. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, theo s? li?u &ldquo;Th? qu&acirc;n&rdquo; l&agrave; qu&acirc;n do tri?u ?&igrave;nh tr?c ti?p qu?n l&yacute;. C&oacute; th? n?i ?&acirc;y l&agrave; v? tr&iacute; xung y?u, tri?u ?&igrave;nh ?&atilde; b? tr&iacute; l?c l??ng &ldquo;ch? l?c&rdquo;, qu&acirc;n c?a tri?u ?&igrave;nh tr?c ti?p qu?n l&yacute;: Th? qu&acirc;n tr?n gi? n&ecirc;n g?i l&agrave; ??n Th? (?).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tr??ng L?y t? huy?n ??c Ph?, t?nh Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i r?i ch&acirc;n n&uacute;i v&agrave; d?ng d?c l&ecirc;n qua r?ng r?m La Vu&ocirc;ng c&oacute; ?? cao kho?ng 800mso v?i m?c n??c bi?n. V&ugrave;ng n&agrave;y kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; ng??i ?, r?ng n&uacute;i ch?p ch&ugrave;ng. T? v&ugrave;ng cao La Vu&ocirc;ng, l?y ?? xu?ng v&agrave; k?t th&uacute;c ? ngu?n An L&atilde;o (huy?n An L&atilde;o, t?nh B&igrave;nh ??nh).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;??a ?i?m ??n Th? c&oacute; ?? cao 500mso v?i m?c n??c bi?n. C&aacute;c nh&agrave; kh?o c? ?&atilde; kh?o s&aacute;t th?c ??a khu v?c n&agrave;y cho bi?t: Khu v?c ??n Th? ??a h&igrave;nh r?t hi?m tr?, ti?p gi&aacute;p v?i ??a ph?n t?nh Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i, 5km t? ?&egrave;o ?i, H&ograve;a Kh&aacute;nh (Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i) ??n La Vu&ocirc;ng, Ho&agrave;i S?n (B&igrave;nh ??nh) kh&ocirc;ng ??p b? l?y, thay v&agrave;o ?&oacute; l&agrave; h? th?ng ??n kh&aacute; d&agrave;y: 8 ??n. Theo s? c?, d?c theo Tr??ng L?y c&oacute; 115 ??n, trong ?&oacute; c&oacute; 3 ??n l?n, c&aacute;c ??n th??ng c&oacute; di?n t&iacute;ch tr&ecirc;n d??i 1.000 m2.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;??n nay, c&aacute;c nh&agrave; kh?o c? ?&atilde; kh?o s&aacute;t ph&aacute;t hi?n ???c kho?ng 100 ??n, trong ?&oacute; ??n Th? &ndash; La Vu&ocirc;ng c&oacute; quy m&ocirc; ?&aacute;ng kinh ng?c: 16.000 m2, chia l&agrave;m 2 khu: Khu B?c v&agrave; Khu Nam ph&acirc;n c&aacute;ch b?i b? t??ng ???c ??p ki&ecirc;n c? nh? b? th&agrave;nh xung quanh ??n v&agrave; c&oacute; m?t c?a th&ocirc;ng nhau ? gi?a b? t??ng.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;B? th&agrave;nh ??n Th? cao t? 2m ??n 3m, ??p 2 c?p, c?p tr&ecirc;n c&oacute; b? m?t r?ng t? 1m??n 2m, c?p d??i r?ng t? 2m ??n 4m, ch&acirc;n r?ng t? 4m ??n 6m, ch&acirc;n m&oacute;ng b? th&agrave;nh ??n s&acirc;u kho?ng 50cm. C?a ch&iacute;nh ? ph&iacute;a Nam v&agrave; 2 c?a ph?: ?&ocirc;ng, T&acirc;y, b? th&agrave;nh B?c kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; c?a. Tr??c m?t c?a Nam, c&aacute;ch c?a kho?ng 6mc&oacute; 2 phi?n ?&aacute; l?n ???c k&ecirc; b?ng ph?ng, ph&iacute;a tr??c l&agrave; kho?ng s&acirc;n r?ng th?p h?n 50cm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Xung quanh b? th&agrave;nh ??n c&oacute; 5 c?ng tho&aacute;t n??c xuy&ecirc;n b? th&agrave;nh ???c x&acirc;y k&egrave; ?&aacute; ki&ecirc;n c?. B? th&agrave;nh ??n ???c ??p ??t ??m ch?t v&agrave; k&egrave; ?&aacute; b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i, c&oacute; ?o?n ch? ??p ??t ho?c x&acirc;y ?&aacute;, tr&ecirc;n b? th&agrave;nh ??n tr?ng tre gai, xung quanh c&oacute; h&agrave;o s&acirc;u, b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i h&agrave;o s&acirc;u l&agrave; con ???ng ch?y xung quanh ??n, r?ng kho?ng 6mcao kho?ng 40cm, c&oacute; k&egrave; ?&aacute; ? l? ???ng. N?m th&aacute;p canh b? tr&iacute; ? 4 g&oacute;c ??n v&agrave; gi?a b? th&agrave;nh T&acirc;y, ??p cao h?n b? th&agrave;nh kho?ng 1m v&agrave; c&oacute; 2 c?p, ???c k&egrave; ?&aacute; xung quanh, di?n t&iacute;ch th&aacute;p canh kho?ng 15m2, ri&ecirc;ng th&aacute;p canh ph&iacute;a ?&ocirc;ng &ndash; B?c cao v&agrave; l?n h?n: cao kho?ng 5m v&agrave; di?n t&iacute;ch kho?ng 20m2, t?t c? 5 th&aacute;p canh ??u ???c ??p ???ng l&ecirc;n t? b&ecirc;n trong ??n, c&oacute; k&egrave; v&agrave; ?p ?&aacute; b? m?t.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Trong khu B?c ??n, m?t b?ng hi?n tr?ng chia nhi?u c?p n?n h&igrave;nh ch? nh?t theo tr?c B?c &ndash; Nam. H? th&aacute;m s&aacute;t c?p n?n th? 2 cho th?y d??i l?p ??t m?t 30cm l&agrave; l?p ?&aacute; phi?n ken d&agrave;y.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Trong khu Nam ??n c&oacute; 3 khu n?n ???c x&acirc;y t??ng bao b?ng ?&aacute; 3 m?t, n?m li?n k? nhau, c&aacute;c khu n?n c&oacute; 2 c?a th&ocirc;ng nhau, m?t ph&iacute;a Nam kh&ocirc;ng x&acirc;y t??ng, n?n c&oacute; 2 c?p, khu v?c cao l&agrave; n?n ??t c&aacute;t, c&oacute; l? ??t c&aacute;t n&acirc;ng n?n ???c l?y t? l&ograve;ng su?i. Trong khu v?c n&agrave;y c&aacute;c nh&agrave; kh?o c? ph&aacute;t hi?n 3 ch&acirc;n l? l?n, 2 ch&acirc;n l? nh? v&agrave; m?t s? m?nh th&acirc;n l? b?ng ??t nung c&oacute; in hoa 7 c&aacute;nh v&agrave; hoa v?n kh?c v?ch.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Theo TS. Nguy?n Ti?n ?&ocirc;ng &ndash; Ch? tr&igrave; cu?c khai qu?t, vi?c ph&aacute;t hi?n c&aacute;c lo?i ch&acirc;n l? h??ng trong khu v?c &ldquo;ki?n tr&uacute;c m?&rdquo; (t??ng bao 3 m?t) c&oacute; th? ?&acirc;y l&agrave; khu v?c t&iacute;n ng??ng t&acirc;m linh (?), b?i l? c&aacute;c ??n, mi?u th??ng ???c x&acirc;y d?ng trong t??ng bao. ?&acirc;y l&agrave; l?n ??u ti&ecirc;n c&aacute;c nh&agrave; kh?o c? ph&aacute;t hi?n d?u v?t t&iacute;n ng??ng sau 7 n?m kh?o s&aacute;t, khai qu?t kh?o c? di t&iacute;ch Tr??ng L?y Qu?n Ng&atilde;i &ndash; B&igrave;nh ??nh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ngo&agrave;i ra, c&aacute;c nh&agrave; kh?o c? c&ograve;n ph&aacute;t hi?n m?t s? hi?n v?t lo?i h&igrave;nh gia d?ng c?a ng??i Vi?t b?ng ??t nung v&agrave; g?m men Trung Qu?c th? k? 18. So s&aacute;nh v?i k?t qu? khai qu?t kh?o c? 3 ??n ? Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i, c&aacute;c nh&agrave; kh?o c? ??a ra nh?n ??nh: G?m s? ph&aacute;t hi?n ? Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i th? hi?n c&oacute; s? giao th??ng ?&ocirc;ng &ndash; T&acirc;y, B?c &ndash; Nam, c&ograve;n g?m s? ph&aacute;t hi?n ? ??n Th? cho bi?t hi?n v?t ch? s? d?ng ph?c v? cho quan qu&acirc;n ??n tr&uacute;. Lo?i g?ch v? k&iacute;ch th??c l?n c?ng ???c t&igrave;m th?y trong ??n Th?, tuy nhi&ecirc;n ch?a ph&aacute;t hi?n d?u v?t ki?n tr&uacute;c g?ch.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;C?ng theo TS.Nguy?n Ti?n ?&ocirc;ng, ki?n tr&uacute;c ??n Th? ki&ecirc;n c? nh?t, quy m&ocirc; r?ng l?n nh?t v&agrave; c?u tr&uacute;c ??c bi?t nh?t l?n ??u ti&ecirc;n ph&aacute;t hi?n trong h? th?ng di t&iacute;ch Tr??ng L?y. Kh&ocirc;ng gi?ng c&aacute;c ??n kh&aacute;c ?&atilde; ph&aacute;t hi?n v?i ch?c n?ng ch? y?u l&agrave; qu?n l&yacute; qua l?i ?&ocirc;ng &ndash; T&acirc;y; ??n Th? c&oacute; ch?c n?ng ch? y?u S?n ph&ograve;ng, b?o v? khu v?c r?ng l?n kh&ocirc;ng ??p b? l?y, gi? an ninh cho ?o?n ???ng thi&ecirc;n l&yacute; xung y?u B?c &ndash; Nam : La Vu&ocirc;ng (B&igrave;nh ??nh)&ndash; ?&egrave;o ?i (H&ograve;a Kh&aacute;nh, Qu?ng Ng&atilde;i).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;V?i m?t di t&iacute;ch ??c bi?t v&agrave; m?i m? nh? ??n Th?, vi?c khai qu?t kh?o c? v&agrave;i tr?m m&eacute;t vu&ocirc;ng, ch? cho ph&eacute;p c&aacute;c nh&agrave; kh?o c? ??a ra m?t s? nh?n ??nh ban ??u. ?? c&oacute; c&aacute;i nh&igrave;n t?ng qu&aacute;t v&agrave; chu?n x&aacute;c c?n ph?i khai qu?t kh?o c? m? r?ng v&agrave; b? sung c&aacute;c ph??ng ph&aacute;p nghi&ecirc;n c?u kh&aacute;c nh?: nh&acirc;n v?n, v?n h&oacute;a d&acirc;n gian v&agrave; ??a l&yacute; h?c. Tin r?ng, ??n Th? trong t??ng lai s? cung c?p cho ch&uacute;ng ta nh?ng th&ocirc;ng tin m?i v? h? th?ng S?n ph&ograve;ng c?a nh&agrave; Nguy?n ? th? k? XIX.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ngu?n: Tr&agrave; To&agrave;n (Facebook)&lt;/p&gt;
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			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2563/váº¡n-lã½-tæ°á»ng-thã nh-champa-dã i-nháº¥t-äã´ng-nam-ã/</guid>
			<pubDate>Fri, 11 Dec 2020 17:48:02 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>Kaka</dc:creator>
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			<title>Há»“i giÃ¡o Bani cá»§a ngÆ°á»i Cham</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2557/há»“i-giã¡o-bani-cá»§a-ngæ°á»i-cham/</link>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;H?I GI&Aacute;O BANI C?A NG??I CH?M&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;T&aacute;c gi?: Ts. B&aacute; Trung Ph?&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;T?n t?i xuy&ecirc;n su?t l?ch s? nh&acirc;n lo?i, t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o l&agrave; m?t hi?n t??ng x&atilde; h?i t&aacute;c ??ng l&ecirc;n hai m?t c?a ??i s?ng con ng??i; c?ng ??ng v&agrave; c&aacute; th?. T&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o xu?t hi?n t? bu?i b&igrave;nh minh c?a nh&acirc;n lo?i v&agrave; t?n t?i cho ??n ng&agrave;y nay. T&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o l&agrave; m?t nhu c?u tinh th?n c?a c&aacute;c t&iacute;n ??, nh?ng ng??i theo t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o, m?t nhu c?u c&oacute; t&iacute;nh c?ng ??ng, d&acirc;n t?c, khu v?c v&agrave; nh&acirc;n lo?i. T&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o kh&ocirc;ng ch? l&agrave; vi?c ??o m&agrave; c&ograve;n l&agrave; vi?c ??i. N&oacute; kh&ocirc;ng ch? li&ecirc;n quan ??n th? gi?i t??ng t??ng mai sau (thi&ecirc;n ???ng, ??a ng?c) m&agrave; c&ograve;n ?nh h??ng ??n ??i s?ng th?c t?i c?a con ng??i. Sinh ho?t t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o g?n b&oacute; ch?t ch? v?i ??i s?ng v?n h&oacute;a c?a m?i c?ng ??ng, m?i d&acirc;n t?c. Trong ?&oacute; c&oacute; d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Tr&ecirc;n l&atilde;nh th? Vi?t Nam c&oacute; 54 th&agrave;nh ph?n d&acirc;n t?c, s?ng h&ograve;a quy?n v?i nhau v&agrave; c&ugrave;ng nhau ph&aacute;t tri?n theo xu h??ng c?a th?i ??i. M?t trong nh?ng d&acirc;n t?c ?ang ???c nhi?u nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u trong v&agrave; ngo&agrave;i n??c quan t&acirc;m l&agrave; d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m. M?t d&acirc;n t?c thu?c ng? h? Malayo - Polynesien, sinh s?ng l&acirc;u d&agrave;i t?i mi?n ??t mi?n Trung Vi?t Nam, c&oacute; m?i giao l?u r?ng r&atilde;i ?a chi?u v?i nhi?u th&agrave;nh ph?n c? d&acirc;n v&ugrave;ng l?c ??a v&agrave; h?i ??o ?&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute;. ??c bi?t v?n h&oacute;a Sa Hu?nh ???c coi l&agrave; ti?n th&acirc;n c?a v?n h&oacute;a Ch?mpa v?i nh?ng di t&iacute;ch d?c theo v&ugrave;ng duy&ecirc;n h?i mi?n Trung t? Qu?ng B&igrave;nh cho ??n ??ng Nai, ?&atilde; khai qu?t v&agrave; ph&aacute;t hi?n r?t nhi?u hi?n v?t nh?: khuy&ecirc;n tai hai ??u th&uacute;, ?? trang s?c b?ng v&agrave;ng b?c, m&atilde; n&atilde;o,&hellip; ? th?i k? c? trung ??i c&oacute; nhi?u c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh ki?n tr&uacute;c c?, ?i&ecirc;u kh?c c? r?i r&aacute;c kh?p v&ugrave;ng nh? Amravati (Qu?ng B&igrave;nh), Indrapura (?&agrave; N?ng), Vijaya (Qui Nh?n), Kauthara (Nha Trang - Daklak), Panduranga (Phan Rang - ??ng Nai). ??c bi?t bi k&yacute; c? ?&atilde; minh ch?ng m?t ph?n n&agrave;o d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m t?n t?i r?t l&acirc;u ??i, c&oacute; ngu?n g?c b?n ??a, ??ng th?i c&oacute; m?t n?n v?n minh r?c r?, c&oacute; th? so s&aacute;nh v?i nhi?u n?n v?n minh r?t cao ??p th?i c? ??i v&agrave; trung ??i ? ?&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute;. T? ngu?n g?c b?n ??a, c?i bi?n y?u t? ngo?i sinh, d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m ?&atilde; s&aacute;ng t?o m?t n?n v?n h&oacute;a ?a d?ng v&agrave; n&eacute;t ??c ?&aacute;o ri&ecirc;ng cho d&acirc;n t?c m&igrave;nh, trong ?&oacute; c&oacute; H?i gi&aacute;o Bani (Bani Awal).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Ng??i Ch?m v&agrave; v?n h&oacute;a t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o Ch?m, ?&atilde; ???c nghi&ecirc;n c?u t? h?n m?t th? k? qua. C&aacute;c nghi l?, t?p t?c, v?n h&oacute;a, t&iacute;n ng??ng ?&atilde; ???c ch&uacute; &yacute; ngay t? ??u th? k? XIX v&agrave; t? ?&oacute; ??n nay c&oacute; r?t nhi?u c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh, b&agrave;i vi?t chuy&ecirc;n kh?o v? l?nh v?c n&agrave;y c?a nhi?u t&aacute;c gi? trong v&agrave; ngo&agrave;i n??c.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Tr??c h?t ph?i k? ??n c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c?u v? ng??i Ch?m c?a c&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u Ph&aacute;p nh?: A. Labussiere, Septfonts, A. Lauded, A. Bergaigne,... nh?ng ?&aacute;ng k? nh?t l&agrave; c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c?u c?a E. Aymonier, trong chuy&ecirc;n kh?o &ldquo;Les Cham a B&igrave;nh Thu?n&rdquo; (ng??i Ch?m ? ph? B&igrave;nh Thu?n, th&aacute;ng 2 n?m 1891), E. Aymonier cho bi?t H?i gi&aacute;o du nh?p v&agrave;o Ch?mpa ngay t? ??u th? k? th? X, ph?n l?n ng??i Ch?m theo ??o H?i gi&aacute;o l&agrave; nh?ng ng??i kh&ocirc;ng ch?u ?? c?ng ??ng m&igrave;nh ??ng h&oacute;a b?i ng??i Vi?t sau nh?ng bi?n c? l?ch s?, n&ecirc;n ?&atilde; l&agrave;m m?t cu?c h&agrave;nh tr&igrave;nh di c? sang v??ng qu?c Kampuchea, Siam (Th&aacute;i Lan) v&agrave; ??o H?i Nam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Ngo&agrave;i ra, trong cu?n &ldquo;Ng??i Ch?m H?i gi&aacute;o v&agrave; t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o c?a h?&rdquo; (4/1981) ?&atilde; cho bi?t kh&aacute;i qu&aacute;t v? nghi l? t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o, v?n ?? t? ch?c h? th?ng H?i gi&aacute;o Bani c?ng ???c quan t&acirc;m: Po Gru (S? C?), c&aacute;c Imam ph? tr&aacute;ch d?y tr? em h?c Thi&ecirc;n kinh Koran, &ocirc;ng c&ograve;n quan t&acirc;m ??n nghi l? v&ograve;ng ??i, nh? l? c?t da qui ??u, l? th&agrave;nh h&ocirc;n c?a ng??i Ch?m H?i gi&aacute;o. M?t kh&aacute;c, ?? b? sung ??y ?? h?n trong vi?c nghi&ecirc;n c?u ng??i Ch?m ? Vi?t Nam, E. Aymonier, trong cu?n &ldquo;T&iacute;n ng??ng v&agrave; s? tu&acirc;n gi? gi&aacute;o quy c?a ng??i Ch?m ? Kampuchea&rdquo;, Paris 1891, ?&atilde; ?i?m qua ng??i Ch?m ? Kampuchea. T?t c? h? ??u theo H?i gi&aacute;o Islam ch&iacute;nh th?ng, h? t? b? t?t c? nh?ng nghi l? ngo?i ??o c?a t? ti&ecirc;n, b?o l?u ???c ti?ng n&oacute;i c?a d&acirc;n t?c.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Trong nh?ng n?m 1906 - 1907, Cabaton ?&atilde; gi?i thi?u ng??i Ch?m v&agrave; ng??i Malay ? Nam b?, Kampuchea v&agrave; nh&oacute;m Ch?m theo ??o H?i gi&aacute;o Bani ? Phan Rang, Phan R&iacute;, tr&ecirc;n m?t lo?t b&agrave;i vi?t tr&ecirc;n t?p ch&iacute; c?a tr??ng Vi?n ?&ocirc;ng B&aacute;c C?. N?m 1941, trong m?t chuy&ecirc;n kh?o v? c?ng ??ng H?i gi&aacute;o ? ?&ocirc;ng D??ng, M. Mer ?&atilde; n&ecirc;u m?t s? n&eacute;t c? b?n v? kinh t?, x&atilde; h?i, gi&aacute;o d?c, t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o ? l&agrave;ng Ch?m t?i Ch&acirc;u ??c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;T? nh?ng th?p ni&ecirc;n 50 ??n tr??c n?m 1975 c?a th? k? XX, t?i Vi?t Nam m?i xu?t hi?n nhi?u nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c?u v? ng??i Ch?m v?i c&aacute;c t&aacute;c gi? nh?: Nghi&ecirc;m Th?m, Nguy?n Kh?c Ng?, ?&ocirc;r&ocirc;hi&ecirc;m, ?&ocirc;hamit &ldquo;l??c s? Ch&agrave;m&rdquo;, 1974; Th&aacute;i V?n Ki?m &ldquo;?nh h??ng Chi&ecirc;m Th&agrave;nh trong v?n h&oacute;a Vi?t Nam&rdquo;. ?&aacute;ng ch&uacute; &yacute; l&agrave; Nguy?n V?n Lu?n &ldquo;Ng??i Ch&agrave;m H?i gi&aacute;o mi?n T&acirc;y Nam ph?n Vi?t Nam&rdquo;, 1974 ?&atilde; ph&aacute;c h?a v? phong t?c, t?p qu&aacute;n nghi l? t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o c?a ng??i Ch?m ? Nam b? m?t c&aacute;ch kh&aacute; s&acirc;u s?c.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;T? n?m 1975, khi ??t n??c h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, ?i?u ki?n h?c t?p nghi&ecirc;n c?u thu?n l?i h?n, v?n ?? t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o ?&atilde; ???c nghi&ecirc;n c?u nhi?u h?n ?&atilde; tr? th&agrave;nh l?c l??ng nghi&ecirc;n c?u kh&aacute; h&ugrave;ng h?u nh?: Ng&ocirc; V?n Doanh &ldquo;V?n h&oacute;a Ch?mpa&rdquo;, 1994; B&aacute; Trung Ph? &ldquo;Gia ?&igrave;nh v&agrave; h&ocirc;n nh&acirc;n c?a ng??i Ch?m ? Vi?t Nam&rdquo;, 2002, l&agrave; c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c?u kh&aacute; c&ocirc;ng phu v? gia ?&igrave;nh v&agrave; h&ocirc;n nh&acirc;n, c&aacute;c nghi l? t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o Balamon, H?i gi&aacute;o Islam, H?i gi&aacute;o Bani.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Nh&igrave;n chung, ?i?m qua v? t&igrave;nh h&igrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c?u cho th?y, t? tr??c ??n nay nh?ng c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c?u v? ng??i Ch?m H?i gi&aacute;o kh&aacute; phong ph&uacute;, ph?n &aacute;nh ???c ??i s?ng sinh ho?t t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o c?a c?ng ??ng n&agrave;y, song ti?p c?n c?a t&aacute;c gi? ch?a ?i s&acirc;u v&agrave; t&igrave;m hi?u k?, ??a ra ??c tr?ng c?a H?i gi&aacute;o Bani.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Ng??i Ch?m hi?n nay theo th?ng k&ecirc; 1989 cho bi?t tr&ecirc;n to&agrave;n th? l&atilde;nh th? Vi?t Nam ng??i Ch?m c&oacute; 131.282 ng??i Ch?m ch?u ?nh h??ng v?n h&oacute;a ?n ?? v&agrave; t?n t?i c&aacute;c t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o Balamon v&agrave; H?i gi&aacute;o, trong ?&oacute; H?i gi&aacute;o c&oacute; hai ph&aacute;i l&agrave; H?i gi&aacute;o Bani v&agrave; H?i gi&aacute;o Islam. Ng??i Ch?m H?i gi&aacute;o Bani sinh s?ng ch? y?u ? mi?n Trung v?i hai t?nh Ninh Thu?n v&agrave; B&igrave;nh Thu?n (Phan Rang, Phan R&iacute;), c&ograve;n ng??i Ch?m H?i gi&aacute;o Islam ? mi?n T&acirc;y nh? An Giang, th&agrave;nh ph? H? Ch&iacute; Minh, Long Kh&aacute;nh, B&igrave;nh Ph??c. ? mi?n Trung c&oacute; 2/3 theo ??o Balamon, c&ograve;n 1/3 theo H?i gi&aacute;o Bani. Ri&ecirc;ng ? mi?n T&acirc;y Nam ph?n 100% l&agrave; ng??i H?i gi&aacute;o Islam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Aymonier c?ng t&igrave;m th?y trong quy?n l?ch s? c?a ng??i Ch?m m?t ?o?n &nbsp;nh? sau &ldquo;V&agrave;o n?m con chu?t, m?t ng??i c&oacute; b?n ch?t Allah ?&atilde; h&agrave;nh ??ng cho s? t?n thi?n, t?n m? c?a V??ng qu?c Champa. Nh?ng d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng l?i b?t b&igrave;nh n&ecirc;n &ocirc;ng ta ?&atilde; hi?n c? th? x&aacute;c l?n linh h?n cho Th??ng ?? v&agrave; sang c? tr&uacute; 37 n?m ? Makkak. Sau ?&oacute; &ocirc;ng tr? v? V??ng qu?c Champa, Vua mang t&ecirc;n Allah tr? v&igrave; t? n?m 1000 ??n 1036&rdquo;. S? ki?n n&agrave;y ph&ugrave; h?p v?i vi?c khai qu?t kh?o c? t&igrave;m th?y 2 t?m bia ? &nbsp;ven bi?n Trung b?, m?t t?m bia c&oacute; ni&ecirc;n ??i 1039 v&agrave; t?m c&ograve;n l?i ???c x&aacute;c ??nh v&agrave;o kho?ng 1025 ??n 1035. C? hai bia k&yacute; c?ng c&oacute; nh?c ??n ng??i H?i gi&aacute;o, nh?ng l&agrave; nh?ng ng??i n??c ngo&agrave;i tr&uacute; ng? ? ven bi?n mi?n Trung, h? l&agrave; nh?ng ng??i th??ng nh&acirc;n, th? th? c&ocirc;ng, qu?n c? th&agrave;nh m?t c?ng ??ng, c&oacute; m?t v? l&atilde;nh ??o tinh th?n v&agrave; ng??i ch? tr&igrave; bu?i l? l&agrave; Imam. T? ngh?a Bani l&agrave; t&iacute;n ?? c?a Th??ng ??.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Qua minh ch?ng t? c&aacute;c bia k&yacute; v&agrave; t? li?u ?&atilde; cho ch&uacute;ng ta th?y s? du nh?p c?a ??o H?i v&agrave;o V??ng qu?c Champa v&agrave;o th? k? th? IX. ??c bi?t v&agrave;o th?i vua Porome (1627- 1651) ?? h&ograve;a h?p d&acirc;n t?c, c&ugrave;ng ?o&agrave;n k?t ?? ch?ng gi?c ngo?i x&acirc;m, v&agrave;o th?i ch&uacute;a Nguy?n, &ocirc;ng h&oacute;a gi?i Ch?m Balamon v&agrave; Ch?m H?i gi&aacute;o th&agrave;nh Ch?m Ahier v&agrave; Ch?m Awal b?ng c&aacute;ch b?t ng??i Ch?m Balamon th? th&ecirc;m ??ng Allah, qua ?&oacute; cho ch&uacute;ng ta th?y r?ng nghi&ecirc;n c?u H?i gi&aacute;o Islam ? Champa ph?i qua hai giai ?o?n l?ch s? H?i gi&aacute;o th?i k? ??u t? th? k? th? IX- XVI ?nh h??ng c?a Iran th?i k? th? hai t? th? k? XVII th?i vua Po Rome. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;N?u nh? c?ng ??ng Ch?m ? mi?n T&acirc;y theo H?i gi&aacute;o Islam gi? g&igrave;n gi&aacute;o lu?t m?t c&aacute;ch ch&iacute;nh th?ng, s?ng trong c?ng ??ng t&iacute;n ?? ?&ocirc;ng ??o v&agrave; t? ch?c th&ocirc;n x&oacute;m g?i l&agrave; &ldquo;palei&rdquo; d?a v&agrave;o Thi&ecirc;n kinh Koran v&agrave; gi&aacute;o lu?t H?i gi&aacute;o ?&atilde; h? tr? cho nh?ng sinh ho?t tinh th?n theo H?i gi&aacute;o m?t c&aacute;ch t&iacute;ch c?c v&agrave; xem Th&aacute;nh ???ng (Magik) l&agrave; trung t&acirc;m sinh ho?t t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o v&agrave; ch&iacute;nh tr? c?a x&oacute;m l&agrave;ng th&igrave;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;T? ch?c H?i gi&aacute;o Bani:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;M?i d&ograve;ng h? ch?n ra m?t ho?c hai ng??i, n?u d&ograve;ng h? ?&ocirc;ng c&oacute; th? ba ng??i, ?? ??i di?n d&ograve;ng h? th?c hi?n c&ocirc;ng vi?c c?a t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o nh? tang l?, h&ocirc;n l?,&hellip; C&aacute;c v? ??i di?n cho d&ograve;ng h? g?i l&agrave; &ldquo;Acar&rdquo;. H? c&oacute; nhi?m v? ??c thu?c Thi&ecirc;n kinh Koran, h&agrave;nh l? v&agrave; th?c hi?n c&aacute;c y&ecirc;u c?u c?a l? nghi t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n c&aacute;c gi?i gi&aacute;o s? H?i gi&aacute;o Bani ch? bi?t h?c thu?c kinh Koran nh?ng kh&ocirc;ng hi?u ngh?a trong t?ng ?o?n kinh v&igrave; h? cho r?ng Thi&ecirc;n kinh Koran l&agrave; l?i c?a Po Allah (Th??ng ??) kh&ocirc;ng ???c gi?i th&iacute;ch, n?u ph?m s? c&oacute; t?i. Khi ?&atilde; tr? th&agrave;nh Acar th&igrave; ph?i tu&acirc;n th? theo Gi&aacute;o lu?t, n?u vi ph?m v&agrave;o gi?i c?m s? c&oacute; h&igrave;nh ph?t t&ugrave;y theo n?ng nh?, th??ng l&agrave; l&agrave;m l? t? l?i (Thaw Bah) tr??c Th??ng ?? Allah. Do ?&oacute;, H?i gi&aacute;o Bani g?m hai t?ng l?p, t?ng th? nh?t l&agrave; gi?i gi&aacute;o s? (Acar) t&ocirc;n th? Allah tr?c ti?p v&agrave; h?c thu?c thi&ecirc;n kinh Koran; v&agrave; t?ng l?p th? hai l&agrave; t&iacute;n ?? b&igrave;nh th??ng, l?p t&iacute;n ?? n&agrave;y kh&ocirc;ng tr?c ti?p th? Allah m&agrave; ch? c&oacute; nhi?m v? ph?ng s? gi?i ch?c s?c.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;H? th?ng t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o H?i gi&aacute;o Bani ho&agrave;n th&agrave;nh g?m c&aacute;c v? nh? sau:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;- Acar: l&agrave; nh?ng ng??i m?i nh?p h&agrave;ng ng? gi&aacute;o s?. Trong lu?t ??o nh?ng ng??i m?i nh?p t&ugrave;y theo th?i gian h?c h?i v&agrave; kh? n?ng thu?c Thi&ecirc;n kinh Koran chia ra l&agrave;m 4 c?p: Jamak, Talavi, Po asit, Po praong l? ???c ti?n h&agrave;nh trong th&aacute;ng t?nh &nbsp;chay Ramadan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;- Madin: l&agrave; ng??i ?i?u khi?n c&aacute;c bu?i l? v&agrave; l? nghi, d?y c&aacute;c tr? h?c Thi&ecirc;n kinh Koran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;- Khotip hay Katip: l&agrave; ng??i ???c ph&acirc;n c&ocirc;ng gi?ng v? gi&aacute;o l&yacute; v&agrave;o tr?a th? s&aacute;u, th&aacute;nh l? h&agrave;ng tu?n c?a H?i gi&aacute;o t?i th&aacute;nh ???ng. Katip trong H?i gi&aacute;o Bani c&oacute; nhi?m v? th?c hi?n l? nghi t?i th&aacute;nh ???ng v&agrave; t? gia kh&ocirc;ng ??m nh?n vi?c gi?ng gi&aacute;o l&yacute;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;- Imam: l&agrave; nh?ng ng??i ?&atilde; h&agrave;nh ??o c&oacute; th?i gian l&acirc;u n?m t?i thi?u l&agrave; 15 n?m, ???c xem l&agrave; ng??i am hi?u v&agrave; h?c thu?c h?t Thi&ecirc;n kinh Koran v&agrave; c&oacute; kh? n?ng th?c hi?n h?t m?i l? nghi. Trong s? c&aacute;c v? Imam l&agrave; nh?ng ng??i th&ocirc;ng su?t Thi&ecirc;n kinh Koran, ??o ??c, ???c ch?n ?? ra m?t 40 v? Th&aacute;nh c?a ??o g?i l&agrave; Imam pak pluh (Imam 40). S? l?a ch?n ?? phong ch?c Imam pak pluh ph?i tu&acirc;n th? lu?t l? r?t kh?t khe nh?t l&agrave; v? ??o ??c v&agrave; am hi?u v? Thi&ecirc;n kinh Koran v&agrave; ph?i ???c c&aacute;c S? c? (Po Gru) trong khu v?c ch?p nh?n v&agrave; m?i n?m ch? c&oacute; m?t ho?c hai ng&agrave;y t? ch?c l? phong ch?c theo qui ??nh c?a ??o v&agrave; m?i t?t c? Imam v&agrave; Po Gru trong v&ugrave;ng t?i ch?ng ki?n. Qua h? th?ng t? ch?c t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i cho r?ng H?i gi&aacute;o Bani &nbsp;???c truy?n ??o t? Iran tr??ng ph&aacute;i Shiit, v&igrave; ph&aacute;i Shiit c&oacute; Imam Pak Pluk (Imam 40), Imam ?&oacute;ng vai tr&ograve; r?t quan tr?ng H?i gi&aacute;o Bani, ch? ??ng sau Po Gru.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;- Po Gru (S? c?): l&agrave; ng??i ???c t?t c? c&aacute;c gi&aacute;o s? v&agrave; to&agrave;n d&acirc;n trong l&agrave;ng b?u ch?n. Ng??i l&atilde;nh ??o m?t Th&aacute;nh ???ng v&agrave; l&agrave; ng??i ??a ra &yacute; ki?n quy?t ??nh ng&agrave;y th&aacute;ng t? ch?c nghi l? t?i c&aacute;c t? gia, quy?t ??nh h?u h?t c&aacute;c v?n ?? v? ??o v&agrave; ??i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Ng??i H?i gi&aacute;o Bani t?ng l?p Acar (gi&aacute;o s?) th?c hi?n ??y ?? v? n?m tr? c?t c?a H?i gi&aacute;o Islam nh?ng theo h&igrave;nh th?c kh&aacute;c. Ri&ecirc;ng t&iacute;n ?? h?ng hai, t?c kh&ocirc;ng ph?i gi?i Acar (ng??i b&igrave;nh th??ng) th&igrave; kh&ocirc;ng th?c n?m tr? c?t n&agrave;y. ?&acirc;y l&agrave; s? kh&aacute;c bi?t c?a x&atilde; h?i Champa ???ng th?i c?ng nh? qua nhi?u bi?n c? c?a l?ch s? Champa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;N?m tr? c?t:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;1. X&aacute;c ??nh ??c tin: Th??ng ?? Allah l&agrave; ??ng duy nh?t v&agrave; Muhammad l&agrave; Thi&ecirc;n s?.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;2. L? nguy?n Salah: Ng??i H?i gi&aacute;o h&agrave;nh l? n?m l?n trong m?t ng&agrave;y l&agrave; s? k?t n?i b? t&ocirc;i v&agrave; Th??ng ??, trong bu?i l?, ng??i b? t&ocirc;i c?u xin Th??ng ?? xin Ng??i tha th? t?i l?i, xin Ng??i ph&ugrave; h? v&agrave; che ch?. Ng??i H?i gi&aacute;o Bani kh&ocirc;ng th?c hi?n h&agrave;nh l? trong n?m l?n m?t ng&agrave;y, v&igrave; h? cho r?ng vi?c ??o l&agrave; vi?c c?a t?ng l?p gi&aacute;o s? Acar v&agrave; t?ng l?p n&agrave;y thay th? cho h? th?c hi?n l? n?m l?n trong m?t ng&agrave;y, m?t ngh?a v? c?a t&iacute;n ?? ??i v?i Th??ng ??. Ngo&agrave;i ra trong qui ??nh c?a gi&aacute;o lu?t H?i gi&aacute;o Bani th&igrave; t?p t?c t? l&acirc;u ??i m?i m?t d&ograve;ng h? ph?i c&oacute; m?t ng??i l&agrave;m gi&aacute;o s? ?? thay th? d&ograve;ng h? ??m nh?n ngh?a v? ??i v?i Th??ng ??, ??ng th?i th?c hi?n t?p t?c nh? l? c?u an, l? h&ocirc;n nh&acirc;n, tang l?,&hellip; trong d&ograve;ng h?. ??c bi?t c&aacute;c gi&aacute;o s? ???c truy?n t? ??i n&agrave;y sang ??i kh&aacute;c, n?u tr??ng h?p d&ograve;ng h? ?&ocirc;ng th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n th&igrave; c&oacute; th? c&oacute; t? 2 ??n 3 gi&aacute;o s?. T? nh?ng qui ??nh tr&ecirc;n m&agrave; m?i t&iacute;n ?? ??u kh&ocirc;ng ph?i tu&acirc;n theo, g&igrave;n gi? gi&aacute;o lu?t nh?t l&agrave; n?m ?i?u gi&aacute;o lu?t c? b?n v&agrave; ngay c? t?ng l?p gi&aacute;o s? gi?i lu?t h&agrave;nh h??ng Th&aacute;nh ??a Makkah ch?a quan t&acirc;m ??y ??. ?i?u kh&aacute; l&yacute; th&uacute; v&agrave; c&oacute; ??c tr?ng ri&ecirc;ng l&agrave; Th&aacute;nh ???ng H?i gi&aacute;o l&agrave; n?i c&aacute;c t&iacute;n ?? ??n c?u nguy?n m?t ng&agrave;y n?m l?n v&agrave; ???c coi l&agrave; trung t&acirc;m sinh ho?t t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o v&agrave; ch&iacute;nh tr?. Nh?ng ??i v?i Th&aacute;nh ???ng H?i gi&aacute;o Bani ch? m? c?a trong th&aacute;ng Ramadan v&agrave; nh?ng ng&agrave;y l? quan tr?ng c?a ??o H?i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;3. Ramadan: l&agrave; th&aacute;ng t?nh chay l&agrave; ?i?u b?t bu?c n?m trong n?m ?i?u gi&aacute;o lu?t c? b?n c?a H?i gi&aacute;o. H&agrave;ng n?m m&ugrave;a t?nh chay th??ng g&acirc;y x&uacute;c ??ng t&acirc;m l&yacute; m?nh m? cho ng??i H?i gi&aacute;o. Vi?c nh?n chay b?t ??u k? t? ng&agrave;y v?ng tr?ng th&aacute;ng 9 H?i gi&aacute;o xu?t hi?n, cho ??n khi tr&ocirc;ng th?y tr?ng v&agrave;o ??u th&aacute;ng sau. Nh?ng ng??i Ch?m H?i gi&aacute;o Islam Mi?n T&acirc;y, nh? cu?n H?i l?ch do &ocirc;ng Hadji Isahat so?n ra c&oacute; ghi r&otilde; nh?ng ng&agrave;y l?, ??i chi?u v?i d??ng l?ch n&ecirc;n c&oacute; th? bi?t ???c khi n&agrave;o b?t ??u v&agrave; k?t th&uacute;c m&ugrave;a t?nh chay. H? t? ch?c v&agrave;o m&ugrave;a n&agrave;y hai ng&agrave;y l?, m?t v&agrave;o ng&agrave;y h&ocirc;m tr??c khi b?t ??u nh?n ?n v&agrave; m?t l? n?a v&agrave;o ng&agrave;y k?t th&uacute;c m&ugrave;a chay t?nh. C&oacute; th? m?i th&aacute;ng Ramadan l&agrave; m?t sinh ho?t quan tr?ng, c&oacute; t&iacute;nh c?ng ??ng Ch?m theo H?i gi&aacute;o n&oacute;i chung. ? ng??i Ch?m H?i gi&aacute;o mi?n T&acirc;y, m?i sinh ho?t h?u nh? b? ng?ng l?i v&agrave;o ban ng&agrave;y v&agrave; khi m?t tr?i l?n, c&aacute;c th&ocirc;n x&oacute;m v&agrave; t&iacute;n ?? nh? m?i h?i sinh. Ng??i Ch?m H?i gi&aacute;o Bani ch? y?u sinh s?ng ? v&ugrave;ng Phan Rang (Panrang), Phan R&iacute; (Parik). ?&acirc;y kh&ocirc;ng ph?i l&agrave; th&aacute;ng nh?n chay m&agrave; l&agrave; th&aacute;ng d&acirc;ng l? cho Allah v&agrave; c&aacute;c v? Th&aacute;nh c?a H?i gi&aacute;o. Trong th&aacute;ng Ramadan c&aacute;c gi&aacute;o s? ??u v&agrave;o ? Th&aacute;nh ???ng ?? h&agrave;nh l?, m?i gia ?&igrave;nh c?a gi&aacute;o s? ??u ph?i d&acirc;ng m&acirc;m l? v?t, m&acirc;m c?m, m&acirc;m x&ocirc;i ho?c b&aacute;nh tr&aacute;i c&acirc;y, nh?ng ng??i trong d&ograve;ng h? c?a gi&aacute;o s? c&oacute; nhi?m v? mang g?o, c? tr&aacute;i c&acirc;y cho gi&aacute;o s? c?a m&igrave;nh v&agrave; l&agrave; ng??i ??i di?n c?u nguy?n Allah ban ph??c cho m&igrave;nh. ??c bi?t ng&agrave;y ??u th&aacute;ng Ramadan, ng&agrave;y r?m v&agrave; ng&agrave;y x? chay c&aacute;c gia ?&igrave;nh t&iacute;n ?? ??u mang l? v?t ??n Th&aacute;nh ???ng ?? d&acirc;ng l? g?m m?t m&acirc;m c?m, m?t m&acirc;m ch&egrave;, ng??i Ch?m H?i gi&aacute;o Bani quan ni?m r?ng t? l&ograve;ng th&agrave;nh c?a m&igrave;nh d&acirc;ng cho Th??ng ?? Allah ban ph??c l&agrave;nh cho m&igrave;nh. Th&aacute;nh ???ng trong th&aacute;ng Ramadan tr? th&agrave;nh trung t&acirc;m sinh ho?t t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o c?a t&iacute;n ?? nh?t l&agrave; v&agrave;o ban ?&ecirc;m. Ngo&agrave;i ra ?i?m l&yacute; th&uacute; l&agrave; t&iacute;n ?? Balamon v?n c&ocirc;ng nh?n Th??ng ?? Allah v&agrave; c?u xin Allah ban ph??c l&agrave;nh cho m&igrave;nh, cho n&ecirc;n trong th&aacute;ng Ramadan c&aacute;c t&iacute;n ?? Balamon c?ng mang b&aacute;nh, chu?i t?i d&acirc;ng l? t?i &nbsp;th&aacute;nh ???ng (Magik), ban ?&ecirc;m h? c?ng t?i c?u nguy?n t?i Th&aacute;nh ???ng v&igrave; Ch?m Balamon c?ng t&ocirc;n th? ??ng Allah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Theo t&agrave;i li?u c? v&agrave; c&aacute;c b&ocirc; l&atilde;o t? nh?ng th? k? tr??c cho ??n ??u th? k? XX, Th&aacute;nh ???ng (Magik) ??u l&agrave;m b?ng m&aacute;i tranh, v&aacute;ch b?ng tre, n?n ??t, ph&iacute;a tr??c ??t b?y h&ograve;n ?&aacute; ph?ng ?? c&aacute;c gi&aacute;o s? l&agrave;m l? l?y n??c. Hi?n nay, t?t c? Th&aacute;nh ???ng H?i gi&aacute;o Bani ??u x&acirc;y ki&ecirc;n c? b?ng xi m?ng, m&aacute;i ng&oacute;i, x&acirc;y b?ng g?ch. V? m?t ki?n tr&uacute;c, th&aacute;nh ???ng kh&ocirc;ng mang phong c&aacute;ch c?a Th&aacute;nh ???ng H?i gi&aacute;o tr&ecirc;n th? gi?i, nh?ng v?n quay m?t v? h??ng T&acirc;y t?c h??ng Th&aacute;nh ??a Makkah, ? cu?i Th&aacute;nh ???ng v&aacute;ch ph&iacute;a T&acirc;y c&oacute; ??t m?t h?u t?m g?i l&agrave; Minbar, n?i ?? cho c&aacute;c gi&aacute;o s? gi?ng gi&aacute;o l&yacute; v? Sunna hay Hadji.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;4. Zakat (B? th&iacute;): ?&acirc;y l&agrave; m?t ph?n t&agrave;i ch&iacute;nh nh? tr&iacute;ch t? ngu?n t&agrave;i ch&iacute;nh c?a m?i ng??i Muslim kh&aacute; gi? khi h?i ?&ugrave; ?i?u ki?n theo qui ??nh d&ugrave;ng ?? h? tr? cho nh?ng anh em ??ng ??o c&oacute; ho&agrave;n c?nh ngh&egrave;o v&agrave; kh&oacute; kh?n. M?c ti&ecirc;u c?a Islam l&agrave; kh?i d?y v&agrave; duy tr&igrave; tinh th?n t??ng tr? l?n nhau trong c?ng ??ng t&iacute;n ?? Muslim, qua ?&oacute;, ng??i ngh&egrave;o kh&oacute; s? ???c c?i thi?n c?ng nh? v??t qua th?i ?i?m kh&oacute; kh?n ?&oacute;i kh&aacute;t, ng??i gi&agrave;u s? ???c t?y s?ch t&acirc;m h?n kh?i s? keo ki?t &iacute;ch k? v&agrave; h?p h&ograve;i, ??ng th?i ng??i ngh&egrave;o c?ng ???c t?y s?ch t&acirc;m h?n kh?i s? ganh gh&eacute;t v&agrave; h?n th&ugrave; khi h? nh&igrave;n th?y ng??i gi&agrave;u gi&uacute;p ??, t??ng tr? v&agrave; c? x? t?t v?i h?. Ng??i H?i gi&aacute;o Bani kh&ocirc;ng th?c ?&uacute;ng nh? ng??i H?i gi&aacute;o Islam, h? thay ??i th&agrave;nh l? &ldquo;??i g?o&rdquo;, ch? tr&iacute;ch m?t ph?n r?t nh? nh? g?o kho&agrave;ng v&agrave;i ch?c k&yacute;, 10 hay 20 tr?ng v?t, v&agrave;i c&acirc;y n?n, h? mang ??n Magik &ldquo;B? th&iacute;&rdquo; cho c&aacute;c gi&aacute;o s?, sau ?&oacute; chia cho nhau, kh&ocirc;ng b? th&iacute; cho ng??i ngh&egrave;o gi?ng nh? tinh th?n Islam ch&iacute;nh th?ng.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;5. Haji: l&agrave; h&agrave;nh h??ng ??n ng&ocirc;i ??n Kabah t?i Masjid ? Makkah thu?c Saudi Arabia. G?m c&aacute;c nghi th?c nh?t ??nh ???c th?c hi?n t?i c&aacute;c ??a ?i?m nh?t ??nh v&agrave;o nh?ng th?i gian nh?t ??nh, nh?m ph?c t&ugrave;ng m?nh l?nh c?a Allah. M?i t&iacute;n ?? Muslim nam, n? tr??ng th&agrave;nh b?t bu?c ph?i th?c hi?n chuy?n h&agrave;nh h??ng Haji m?t l?n trong ??i khi ?? h?i ?? ?i?u ki?n (s?c kh?e, t&agrave;i ch&iacute;nh, v&agrave; ph??ng ti?n,&hellip;) ?? th?c hi?n. Haji ???c coi l&agrave; m?t cu?c t?p h?p l?n nh?t c?a Islam, tri?u t&iacute;n ?? Muslim ? kh?p m?i n?i tr&ecirc;n th? gi?i ??n Makkah. Nh?ng t&iacute;n ?? Muslim ??ng lo?t c?u nguy?n v&agrave; kh?n xin ??n m?t Th??ng ?? duy nh?t, h? c&ugrave;ng m?c m?t ki?u qu?n &aacute;o, c&ugrave;ng th?c hi?n chung nh?ng nghi th?c ???c qui ??nh, kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; s? ph&acirc;n bi?t gi?a ng??i gi&agrave;u v&agrave; ng??i ngh&egrave;o, qu&yacute; ph&aacute;i sang tr?ng hay ngh&egrave;o h&egrave;n, da tr?ng hay da ?en, ng??i Arabic hay kh&ocirc;ng ph?i ng??i Arabic, ??u l&agrave; anh em ??ng ??o ?ang th?c hi?n m?nh l?nh c?a Allah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Nh&igrave;n chung ng??i Ch?m H?i gi&aacute;o Bani (H?i gi&aacute;o d&ograve;ng Bani) ?&atilde; t?n t?i r?t l&acirc;u ??i, h? lu&ocirc;n lu&ocirc;n b?o t?n ???c n&eacute;t sinh ho?t v?n h&oacute;a - t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o c&oacute; nh?ng ??c tr?ng ri&ecirc;ng kh&ocirc;ng th? l?n l?n v?i b?t k? nh&oacute;m c?ng ??ng d&acirc;n t?c, t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o n&agrave;o n?i h? sinh s?ng. Gi&aacute;o lu?t ?&atilde; b? bi?n ??i r?t nhi?u ?? ph&ugrave; h?p v?i x&atilde; h?i m?u h? c?a ng??i Ch?m. S? xu?t hi?n t?ng l?p gi&aacute;o s? l&agrave; ??c tr?ng c?a H?i gi&aacute;o Bani l&agrave; s? ki?n ?&atilde; ph?n &aacute;nh H?i gi&aacute;o Islam ch&iacute;nh th?ng ?&atilde; du nh?p v&agrave;o Champa ?&atilde; ???c Champa bi?n th&agrave;nh h? ph&aacute;i ri&ecirc;ng c?a m&igrave;nh. Ch&iacute;nh nh?ng y?u t? tr&ecirc;n ?&atilde; l&agrave;m cho H?i gi&aacute;o Bani c?a ng??i Ch?m ? Vi?t Nam c&oacute; m?t s?c th&aacute;i ri&ecirc;ng, m?t ??c ?i?m ri&ecirc;ng kh&aacute;c v?i H?i gi&aacute;o ? ?&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute; v&agrave; th? gi?i Saudi Arabia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Ngu?n: &nbsp;kauthara.org&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;H?i gi&aacute;o Bani (Bani Awal) c?a ng??i Ch?m:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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			<pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2020 07:34:24 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>mydung</dc:creator>
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			<title>NÆ¯á»šC Máº®M TRONG Lá»ŠCH Sá»¬ VÃ€ VÄ‚N HÃ“A VIá»†T NAM</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2523/næ¯á»šc-máº®m-trong-lá»šch-sá»¬-vã€-vä‚n-hã“a-viá»†t-nam/</link>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Tr?n ??c Anh S?n ]]></content:encoded>
			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2523/næ¯á»šc-máº®m-trong-lá»šch-sá»¬-vã€-vä‚n-hã“a-viá»†t-nam/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2020 15:50:05 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>mydung</dc:creator>
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			<title>Kadhar</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2507/kadhar/</link>
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Kadhar l&agrave; ch?c s?c t&iacute;n ng??ng d&acirc;n gian quan tr?ng trong ??i s?ng t&acirc;m linh Ch?m, nhi?m v? ch&iacute;nh c?a h? th?ng ch?c s?c n&agrave;y l&agrave; h&aacute;t c&aacute;c b&agrave;i th&aacute;nh ca ca ng?i c&ocirc;ng ??c c&aacute;c v? th?n trong c&aacute;c l? nghi tr&ecirc;n ??n th&aacute;p (ngap yang bimong), c&aacute;c l? c&uacute;ng c?a d&ograve;ng t?c nh? Puix &ndash; Payak, l? Rija thrua v&agrave; nghi l? nh?p Kut c?a ng??i Ch?m Ahi&eacute;r. Di s?n &acirc;m nh?c Kadhar l&agrave; t?ng h&ograve;a nh?ng b&aacute;i h&aacute;t l? ?i k&egrave;m v?i lo?i nhac c? ??c tr?ng l&agrave; ?&agrave;n kanyi t?o th&agrave;nh m?t lo?i h&igrave;nh ngh? thu?t nghi l? mang t&iacute;nh ??c tr?ng v&agrave; v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng ??c ?&aacute;o, gi? vai tr&ograve; n?i b?t trong n?n ngh? thu?t ca m&uacute;a nh?c Ch?m n&oacute;i chung.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Tuy v?y, trong b?i c?nh hi?n ??i h&oacute;a hi?n nay, c?ng nh? nhi?u di s?n &acirc;m nh?c truy?n th?ng kh&aacute;c, di s?n &acirc;m nh?c Kadhar c?ng ??ng tr??c nh?ng th&aacute;ch th?c, nhi?u b&agrave;i h&aacute;t b? c?t g?n, tam sao th?t b?, nhi?u b&agrave;i &iacute;t khi s? d?ng d?n d?n mai m?t, l?c l??ng ch?c kadhar thi?u m?t th? h? ti?p n?i ch?t l??ng&hellip; nh?ng ?i?u ?&oacute; ??a di s?n n&agrave;y v&agrave;o nguy c? b? mai m?t.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; th?, ???c s? h? tr? c?a H?i ??ng Anh Vi?t Nam, m?t nh&oacute;m c&aacute;c b?n tr? Ch?m ?&atilde; th?c hi?n c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c th?ng k&ecirc;, s?u t?m m?t to&agrave;n di?n danh m?c, n?i dung v&agrave; hi?n tr?ng th?c h&agrave;nh c&aacute;c b&agrave;i h&aacute;t l? trong ??i s?ng Ch?m ???ng ??i. M?c ti&ecirc;u c?a d? &aacute;n l&agrave; t?o ra m?t b? s?u t?p c&aacute;c file ghi h&igrave;nh c&aacute;c ch?c s?c th? hi?n c&aacute;c b&agrave;i h&aacute;t l? t?o ra s?n ph?m l&agrave; c&aacute;c ??a DVD ho?c c&aacute;c video c&ocirc;ng b? tr&ecirc;n internet ?? chia s? ??n m?i th&agrave;nh ph?n trong x&atilde; h?i t? ch&iacute;nh trong c?ng ??ng Ch?m v&agrave; k? c? c?ng ??ng b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; text-align: justify;&quot; src=&quot;https://nguoicham.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/file/attachment/2020/04/92a70dde9d8c19345fe6635075a06ac1_view.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;858&quot; height=&quot;483&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;H&igrave;nh 1: Nh&oacute;m nghi&ecirc;n c?u ?ang ph?ng v?n Kadhar Th&agrave;nh V?n L?y trong ch??ng tr&igrave;nh d? &aacute;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D? &aacute;n ???c tri?n khai t? th&aacute;ng 3 n?m 2019 v&agrave; d? ki?n ho&agrave;n th&agrave;nh v&agrave;o th&aacute;ng 12 n?m 2019, k?t qu? c?a d? &aacute;n s? cho ra nh?ng video tr&igrave;nh di?n c&aacute;c b&agrave;i h&aacute;t l? c?a ch?c s?c Kadhar, ??ng th?i th?c hi?n c&aacute;c b? phim t? li?u v? lo?i h&igrave;nh ngh? thu?t n&agrave;y, t?t c? c&aacute;c s?n ph?m n&agrave;y s? ???c chia s? m?t c&aacute;ch r?ng r?i ??n c?ng ??ng. Nh&oacute;m th?c hi?n d? &aacute;n bao g?m 3 th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; ??ng Th&agrave;nh Danh, Th?p H?ng Luy?n (Trung t&acirc;m Nghi&ecirc;n c?u V?n h&oacute;a Ch?m) v&agrave; H&aacute;n D??ng H?i ??ng (nghi&ecirc;n c?u t? do).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display: block;&quot; src=&quot;https://nguoicham.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/file/attachment/2020/04/be0bd02554c798b50ab7b33e5204d4f5_view.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;859&quot; height=&quot;473&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;H&igrave;nh 2: Ch?c s?c Kadhar ?ang tham gia h&aacute;t l? trong ch??ng tr&igrave;nh s?u t?m c?a d? &aacute;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; color: #000000; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: left;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &#039;Lucida Grande&#039;, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0px;&quot;&gt;??NG TH&Agrave;NH DANH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2507/kadhar/</guid>
			<pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2020 23:01:29 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>Kaka</dc:creator>
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			<title>Äi tÃ¬m sá»± hÃ¬nh thÃ nh báº£n sáº¯c vÄƒn hÃ³a Quáº£ng Nam?</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2497/äi-tã¬m-sá»±-hã¬nh-thã nh-báº£n-sáº¯c-väƒn-hã³a-quáº£ng-nam/</link>
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			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2497/äi-tã¬m-sá»±-hã¬nh-thã nh-báº£n-sáº¯c-väƒn-hã³a-quáº£ng-nam/</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2020 16:49:41 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>kevin cham</dc:creator>
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			<title>NHá»š PO DHARMA â€“ QUáº¢NG VÄ‚N Äá»¦</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2496/nhá»š-po-dharma-â€“-quáº¢ng-vä‚n-äá»¦/</link>
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&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Th&agrave;nh Ng?c C&oacute;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;California, USA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;PGS.TS Po Dharma Qu?ng V?n ?? ra ??i t?i th&ocirc;n Ch?t Th??ng, Phan Rang v&agrave;o n?m 1945, trong m?t gia ?&igrave;nh ngh&egrave;o kh?, h?c trung h?c t?i tr??ng B? ?? v&agrave; tr??ng Duy T&acirc;n. Po Dharma kh&ocirc;ng ??p trai, di?n trung b&igrave;nh, nh&agrave; ngh&egrave;o, nh?ng anh th&ocirc;ng minh, ch?m h?c, ch?m l&agrave;m, ch?m t&igrave;m t&ograve;i. Th?i gian h?c trung h?c ?? Nh?t C?p, anh ?&atilde; t?ng gi&uacute;p vi?c cho ng??i ch? nh&agrave; tr? ?? ki?m ti?n ph? gi&uacute;p cha m? ngh&egrave;o ?ang sinh s?ng t?i mi?n qu&ecirc;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;? ?? tu?i tr&ecirc;n 70, c&aacute;i ranh gi?i, t? sinh th?t l&agrave; khu&ocirc;n l??ng, m&agrave; lu?t c?nh tranh c?ng kh&oacute; tr&aacute;nh! S?ng ?&oacute; r?i ch?t ?&oacute;. Nh?ng ng??i b?n c&ugrave;ng trang l?a. Nh?: Th&agrave;nh Thanh Xu&acirc;n ?&atilde; ??t ng?t ra ?i v&igrave; b?nh tim, t&ocirc;i bu?n th&ecirc; th?m, r?i ??n anh Nguy?n V?n Long, ?&atilde; khi?n t&ocirc;i bu?n t&ecirc; tai. M?y n?m tr??c H&aacute;n Ng?c C??ng, Th&agrave;nh Ng?c S??ng, Th&agrave;nh Ban, b?n gi&agrave; ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng th?a th?t, m&agrave; gi&agrave; th&igrave; c?n c&oacute; b?n, b&acirc;y gi? Po Dharma ?&atilde; ra ?i th?t r?i, m?t ng??i vi?t t?m c? L?ch s? D&acirc;n T?c Ch?m ?&atilde; m?t, ng&ocirc;i sao b?n m?nh v?n h?c Ch?m ?&atilde; t?t.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T&ocirc;i ch?i th&acirc;n v?i Dharma ?&atilde; t? l&acirc;u, kho?ng nh?ng n?m 60 - 68, ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i m?i l?n l&ecirc;n 15, 16 tu?i. Ng&agrave;y ?y, ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i say m&ecirc; l&agrave;m c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c x&atilde; h?i, ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i ?&atilde; t?ng ??p xe ??p t&oacute;at m? h&ocirc;i, t? l&agrave;ng n&agrave;y ??n l&agrave;ng kh&aacute;c, kho?ng t? 3 ??n 20 Km. L&agrave;m c?u b?t qua m??ng b?ng g?, ?? cho kh?p d&acirc;n l&agrave;ng Ch?m c&oacute; ph??ng ti?n di chuy?n qua l?i nhanh h?n! ?&agrave;o gi?ng n??c cho d&acirc;n l&agrave;ng ???c u?ng n??c s?ch. V&igrave; th?i ?&oacute;, ng??i Ch?m th??ng u?ng n??c t? trong m??ng c&aacute;i m&agrave; th&ocirc;i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;??c bi?t, trong 3 th&aacute;ng h&egrave;, n?m 1968, th?i th?y Th&agrave;nh Ph&uacute; B&aacute; l&agrave;m hi?u tr??ng, t?i t??ng trung h?c An Ph??c. Po Dharma ?&atilde; huy ??ng kho?ng tr&ecirc;n 20 nam, n? h?c sinh, l?y danh ngh?a l&agrave; h?c sinh Thi?n Ch&iacute;. Po Dharma l&agrave; gia ?&igrave;nh tr??ng. Ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i m?t l&ograve;ng m?t d? ai n?y ??u h?ng h&aacute;i ?&uacute;c Tableau, x&acirc;y tr??ng h?c b?i v&igrave; th?i ?&oacute; tr??ng trung h?c An Ph??c thi?u l?p h?c. V?i kh?i l??ng xi-mang, v&ocirc;i, v&agrave; c&aacute;t c?n thi?t do c? Thi?u T&aacute; Qu?n tr??ng D??ng T?n S? cung ?ng!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Sau ?&oacute;, c?nh s&aacute;t bi?t ???c, m?t ??a h?c tr&ograve; nh?, ng??i Ch?m, tu?i m?i 16, 17, m&agrave; d&aacute;m c? gan l&agrave;m ???c m?t vi?c l?n nh? th?! N&ecirc;n h? m?i Po Dharma ??n ??n c?nh s&aacute;t v&agrave; ?&aacute;nh m?t tr?n b?ng roi ?u&ocirc;i b&ograve; nh? t? &quot;T&aacute; h?a t&acirc;m tinh&quot;. Ngay sau ?&oacute;, Po Dharma b? b?nh th?n kinh v&igrave; qu&aacute; ?au ??n! ??ng th?i, ?&agrave;ng Gi&aacute;o La ??a Po Dharma ??n ?&agrave; L?t ch?a b?nh v&agrave; t&aacute; t&uacute;c t?i nh&agrave; anh B&aacute; Trung Sin, nh&acirc;n l&uacute;c anh ta ?ang l&agrave;m vi?c t?i B?nh vi?n ?&agrave; L?t. L&uacute;c ?&oacute;, t&ocirc;i ?&atilde; ?&iacute;ch th&acirc;n ??n th?m Po Dharma v&agrave;i l?n, t?i nh&agrave; anh Sin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;V&agrave;i th&aacute;ng sau, ?&atilde; c&oacute; nhi?u ng??i cho anh em ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i bi?t l&agrave; c?nh s&aacute;t ?&atilde; tra t?n, ?&aacute;nh ??p Po Dharma d&atilde; man g?n ch?t, ?&oacute; l&agrave;, Nguy?n V?n H&ugrave;ng ?&atilde; ch?t t?c t??i v&igrave; tai n?n giao th&ocirc;ng, t? ?&oacute;, c? hai con anh ?&atilde; b? h?c, con g&aacute;i b? b?nh t&acirc;m th?n, con trai nghi?n r??u, b&ecirc; b?t. ??i s?ng l?m than mu&ocirc;n v&agrave;n kh&oacute; kh?n.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Tr&ecirc;n ??u m&ocirc;i tr&oacute;t l??i c?a cac d&acirc;n t?c tr&ecirc;n th? gi?i c&oacute; c&acirc;u: &ldquo;gieo gi&oacute; th&igrave; g?p b?o&rdquo;. &Aacute;c lai &aacute;c b&aacute;o. ? hi?n g?p l&agrave;nh; ? &aacute;c th&igrave; ph?i tan t&agrave;nh ra tro,..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Sau khi Po Dharma ?&atilde; h?t b?nh, anh ta ?&atilde; quy?t ??nh t? gi? b?n b&egrave;, r?i b? qu&ecirc; h??ng, v? th?i m?ng m? ?&atilde; kh&eacute;p kin v&agrave; ti?ng c??i ?&atilde; t?t, Th?i ?i?m n&agrave;y l&agrave; c?a s? m?t m&aacute;t, c?a s? ?au th??ng. C&oacute; l?, Po Dharma kh&ocirc;ng mu?n ?i m?t m&igrave;nh, n&ecirc;n Po Dharma ?&atilde; r? H&aacute;n Ng?c C??ng. Tr? l?i: &quot;Tao kh&ocirc;ng ?i&quot; Po Dharma: &quot;M&agrave;y s? kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; thu?c Pall Mall h&uacute;t ch? g&igrave;? B?i v&igrave; ng&agrave;y ?y C??ng ?&atilde; nghi?n th??ng hay h&uacute;t thu?c Pall Mall h&agrave;ng ng&agrave;y. Sau ?&oacute;, Po Dharma h?i Qu?ng ??i Pham. Tr? l?i: &quot;Tao kh&ocirc;ng ?i b?i v&igrave; t?i v?a qua, tao n?m m? th?y c&aacute;i ch&igrave;a kh&oacute;a c?a tao ?&atilde; b? ?&aacute;nh m?t, r?i m?i h?i ??n t&ocirc;i. Tr? l?i: Tao kh&ocirc;ng th? n&agrave;o ?i ???c b?i v&igrave; n&oacute;i ??n s&uacute;ng, l&agrave; ta c?m th?y rung m&igrave;nh s? l?m r?i!. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, c? ba b?n b&egrave; t&ocirc;i ??u khuy&ecirc;n Po Dharma l&agrave; &quot;M&agrave;y n&ecirc;n ?i b?i v&igrave; t&ecirc;n tu?i c?a m&agrave;y h? ?&atilde; ghi v&agrave;o s? ?en, cho d&ugrave; m&agrave;y c&oacute; h?c gi?i c? n&agrave;o c?ng kh&oacute; m&agrave; xin ???c vi?c l&agrave;m ?&agrave;ng ho&agrave;ng!.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;S? gan d?, d?ng c?m, s? ph&aacute;n ?&oacute;an quy?t li?t. Nh?ng ?i?u ki?n tr&ecirc;n ch?ng minh Po Dharma ???c vinh danh v? t&igrave;nh y&ecirc;u qu&ecirc; h??ng d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m v&ocirc; b? b?n, M?t nh&acirc;n v?t s&aacute;ng gi&aacute;, ti&ecirc;u bi?u quy?t t&acirc;m ??u tranh v&agrave; s?n s&agrave;ng hy sinh v&igrave; l&yacute; t??ng d&acirc;n t?c, nh?m mang l?i ?m no h?nh ph&uacute;c cho th?n d&acirc;n Ch?m. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; th? Po Dharma lu&ocirc;n lu&ocirc;n t&ocirc;n vinh v&agrave; nh? ?n nh?ng v? anh h&ugrave;ng d&acirc;n t?c. Ng??i s? s?ng m&atilde;i trong l&ograve;ng d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m, ??ng th?i l&agrave; m?t t?m g??ng s&aacute;ng gi&aacute; c&oacute; m?t kh&ocirc;ng hai cho th? h? Ch?m noi theo...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Th? l&agrave; Po Dharma ?&atilde; bi?n bi?t ra ?i kh&ocirc;ng ng&agrave;y h?a h?n tr? v?; v&agrave; nh?ng 3 th&aacute;ng h&egrave; sau ?&oacute;, b?n b&egrave; t&ocirc;i kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n c? h?i g?p nhau n?a! Kh&ocirc;ng c?m ???c l&ograve;ng, t&ocirc;i ?&atilde; h&ograve;a m&igrave;nh v&agrave;o th? th? &quot;Th?t Ng&ocirc;n&quot; ?? th? l? t&acirc;m s? m&igrave;nh qua b&agrave;i th?:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;NH? AN PH??C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T&ocirc;i nh? An Ph??c, nh? nh?ng ng&agrave;y,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;C&ugrave;ng anh em b?n ??n vui say.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&Ocirc;i! Bao k? ni?m &ecirc;m ??m qua.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Gi? bi?t bao gi? c&oacute; n?a ?&acirc;y!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T&ocirc;i ??c mong r?ng qu? ??t xoay,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;?? anh em b?n l?i v? ?&acirc;y.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;V? n?i qu&aacute;n nh&agrave; An Ph??c ?y!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&Ocirc;n l?i c&ugrave;ng nhau m?y n?m qua,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T&ocirc;i ? n?i n&agrave;y th?y l? loi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ch? mong th??ng nh?, ch&aacute;n cho ??i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Nh?ng t&ocirc;i v?n kh?c trong ti?m th?c,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;H&igrave;nh ?nh, anh em ??n m&atilde;n ??i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;?&agrave; L?t. Ngay 27/9/1979&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;V&agrave;o ??u n?m 1996, gia ?&igrave;nh t&ocirc;i ???c t&aacute;i ??nh c? t?i Hoa K?, Po Dharma t? Ph&aacute;p bay qua ??n nh&agrave; t&ocirc;i v&agrave;o m?t bu?i chi?u cu?i tu?n, b?n b&egrave; t&ocirc;i t&acirc;m s? t? chi?u h&ocirc;m ?&oacute; m&atilde;i ??n 3 gi? s&aacute;ng, m&agrave; Po Dharma c&ograve;n h?ng say mu?n n&oacute;i, nh?ng t&ocirc;i c?m th?y qu&aacute; bu?n ng? , n&ecirc;n t&ocirc;i k&ecirc;u Po Dharma ?i ng?, ng&agrave;y mai s? t&acirc;m s? sau. T&ocirc;i c&ograve;n nh? Po Dharma ?&atilde; k? l?i chuy?n ?i &ldquo;h&atilde;i h&ugrave;ng&rdquo; c?a anh ta b?t ??u ?i t? Ban M&ecirc; Thu?t, Po Dharma ?&atilde; g?p h??ng d?n vi&ecirc;n h?i Po Dharma, mu?n ?i Fulro: &ldquo;S&uacute;ng c?a anh ?&acirc;u?&rdquo; L&uacute;c ?&oacute;, Po Dharma kh&ocirc;ng bi?t ???ng tr? l?i. Sau ?&oacute;, ng??i h??ng d?n Po Dharma ?i ki?m s&uacute;ng, th?y m?t nh&oacute;m l&iacute;nh ?ang ng? say sau m?t tr?n nh?u r??u, n&ecirc;n Po Dharma c?m l?y m?t kh?u s&uacute;ng mang v? m?t c&aacute;ch d? d&agrave;ng! Sau ?&oacute;, H??ng d?n vi&ecirc;n h?i ti?p: Gi?y anh ?&acirc;u? B?i v&igrave; h?i ?&oacute; Po Dharma ch? mang d&eacute;p th&ocirc;i. Po Dharma n&oacute;i v?i t&ocirc;i l&agrave; ?n c?p s&uacute;ng th&igrave; d?, nh?ng l?y gi?y t? trong ch&acirc;n c?a l&iacute;nh ra th&igrave; sao ???c!?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Sau ?&oacute;, Po Dharma nh?p ng? v&agrave;o qu&acirc;n ??i Fulro, trong th?i gian d&agrave;i Po Dharma m?i ???c g?n lon ??i &Uacute;y. Trong l&uacute;c, giao chi?n kh?c li?t gi?a hai qu&acirc;n ??i Fulro v&agrave; qu&acirc;n ??i Vi?t Nam C?ng H&ograve;a, t?i bi&ecirc;n gi?i Vi?t &ndash; Campuchia, Po Dharma ?&atilde; b? tr?ng th??ng do m?t vi&ecirc;n ??n v&agrave;o b?ng gi?a l&uacute;c Po Dharma ?ang l?i qua m?t con su?i, v&igrave; th? Po Dharma ?&atilde; c? g?ng ???c l&ecirc;n b?, v&agrave; n?m ngay b&ecirc;n b? su?i v&igrave; c?n ?au gi? d?i, n&ecirc;n Po Dharma t? l?y s&uacute;ng l?c d? ??nh b?n v&agrave;o ??u c?a m&igrave;nh, nh?ng may thay, c&oacute; m?t b?n l&iacute;nh ch?y qua, h?t s&uacute;ng t? trong tay Po Dharma ra ngo&agrave;i. Ngay l&uacute;c ?&oacute;, c&oacute; m?t m&aacute;y bay tr?c th?ng M? ?&atilde; ch? Po Dharma ??n b?nh vi?n S&agrave;i G&ograve;n. Coi nh? Po Dharma l&agrave; l&iacute;nh b&ecirc;n qu&acirc;n ??i Vi?t Nam C?ng H&ograve;a, n&ecirc;n ???c h? ch?m s&oacute;c r?t chu ?&aacute;o.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Dharma ng? mi&ecirc;n man kh&ocirc;ng bi?t tr?i tr?ng m&acirc;y gi&oacute; qua 3 ng&agrave;y ?&ecirc;m, khi t?nh d?y Po Dhama ch?p m?t th?y Th?ch Th? Th??ng, t?c l&agrave; b?n g&aacute;i c?a anh ta ??n th?m v&agrave; kh&oacute;c l&oacute;c k? l?: &ldquo;T??ng ?&acirc;u anh ?&atilde; ch?t r?i&rdquo; b?i v&igrave; nhi?u ng??i ?&atilde; ra ?i c&ugrave;ng n?m v?i anh nh? ?&agrave;ng N?ng Gi&aacute;o c? hai v? ch?ng Bi&ecirc;n ? Ch?t Th??ng, anh R&agrave;i ? V?n L&acirc;m, v&agrave; N?i Th&agrave;nh Ngh?ch&hellip; ?&atilde; ch?t h?t, ch? c&ograve;n anh ? l?i, nh?ng b&acirc;y gi? ?au ??n qu&aacute;! ??i sao m&agrave; kh? nh? th? n&agrave;y! Tr?i ?i (Po Lingik ley).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Sau khi l&agrave;nh b?nh, Po Dharma ???c tr? v? qu&acirc;n tr??ng v&agrave; g?p Thi?u T??ng Les Kosem, m?t l&atilde;nh t? ng??i Campuchia g?c Ch?m, &ocirc;ng l&agrave; m?t t?ng t? l?nh, m?t ph&oacute; ch? t?ch Fulro v&agrave; m?t ph&oacute; ch? t?ch M?t tr&acirc;n Gi?i Ph&oacute;ng Cao Nguy&ecirc;n Trung Ph?n Champa v&agrave; Khmer ??ng l&ecirc;n ??u tranh nh?m gi?i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t?c b? &aacute;p b?c, ?&atilde; h?i Po Dharma l&agrave; anh mu?n g?n lon Thi?u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;PD tra l?i ngay: &ldquo;T&ocirc;i mu?n ?i du h?c&rdquo;. Sau ?&oacute; Po Dharma ?&atilde; vi?t ??n v&agrave; nh? Les Kosem g?i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;V&agrave;i th&aacute;ng sau, Po Dharma nh?n ???c gi?y ?i du h?c t?i Ph&aacute;p, trong th?i gian mi?t m&agrave;i ?&egrave;n s&aacute;ch Po Dharma ?&atilde; t?t nghi?p c? nh&acirc;n, r?i Th?c S?. L&uacute;c ?&oacute;, Po Dharma ?&atilde; c&oacute; v? v&agrave; c&oacute; nh&agrave;. Gi?a l&uacute;c ?ang theo h?c Ti?n S?, ?&acirc;y l&agrave; th?i gian gian nan kham kh? nh?t trong cu?c ??i du h?c c?a anh b?i v&igrave; v? c?a anh ta ?ang l&acirc;m tr?ng b?nh, n&ecirc;n Po Dharma treo gi?y b&aacute;n nh&agrave;, nh?ng kh&ocirc;ng ai mua, n&ecirc;n anh ta t&igrave;m c&aacute;ch ?i t&igrave;m m?i c&aacute;ch ?i l&agrave;m bat c? ?i?u g&igrave;, k? c? lau ch&ugrave;i c?u ti&ecirc;u c?ng ph?i l&agrave;m mi?n sao c&oacute; ti?n ?? tr? chi ph&iacute; h?c h&agrave;nh, thu?c men cho v?, v&agrave; ?n u?ng l&agrave; ???c!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, c?ng kh&ocirc;ng ?? ti?n trang tr?i, n&ecirc;n Po Dharma ph?i ??n m??n ti?n m? v? c?a anh m?i ?? tr?, anh ta n&oacute;i th&ecirc;m, l&agrave; c? m?i l?n tao ?i m??n ti?n l&agrave; m? v? ch?i: &ldquo;Ti?n s? g&igrave; ti?n s?!&rdquo;, v? m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng lo, c? ng&agrave;y ?&ecirc;m c? lo h?c ti?n s?!? Tien si &quot;ka lon tok kau&quot;. Anh ta noi la nguoi Phap chui khong khac gi me cham minh vay. Va Po Dharma n&oacute;i th&ecirc;m, l&agrave; n?u kh&ocirc;ng r&aacute;ng h?c ?? l?y b?ng ti?n s? v&igrave; b?ng th?c s? l&agrave;m g&igrave; ???c!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Sau th?i gian mi?t m&agrave;i ?&egrave;n s&aacute;ch d&agrave;i ??ng ??ng 6 n?m tr?i kh? s? tr?m b?, t? n?m 1980 ??n n?m 1986. Po Dharma m?i ???c t?t nghi?p Ti?n s?, t?i tr??ng ??i h?c Sorbon, m?t tr??ng n?i ti?ng b?c nh?t c?a Ph&aacute;p. Sau ?&oacute;, Po Dharma ???c ?i l&agrave;m, c&oacute; ti?n Po Dharma ?em ti?n ??n tr? cho m? v?, n&ecirc;n m? v? Po Dharma m?ng r? v&agrave; h?i: &ldquo;Ti?n ?&acirc;u m&agrave; c&oacute; hay th?!? Po Dharma tr? l?i mi?n c&oacute; tr? cho m? l&agrave; ???c r?i. C? hai m? con ??u c??i m?t c&aacute;ch kh? &aacute;i tr&agrave;n ??y ni?m h?nh ph&uacute;c v&ocirc; bi&ecirc;n.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T&ocirc;i h?i : &quot;T&ocirc;i n&oacute;i Dharma l&agrave; d? hi?u r?i , nh?ng sao l?i l?y h? Po&quot;. Tr? l?i : T?i v&igrave; nh?ng ng??i l&iacute;nh ?i Fulro c?ng n?m v?i Dharma ??u ph?i l?y h? Po c? &ldquo; T&ocirc;i ?? ngh? : Dharma c&oacute; th? thay th? h? kh&aacute;c ???c Kh&ocirc;ng? B?i v&igrave; h? Po r?t kh&oacute; g?i, K? l?m ! Dharma c??i nh? v&agrave; n&oacute;i: Ng&agrave;y ta v? th?m qu&ecirc; h??ng g?p &ocirc;ng gi&agrave; . ch&iacute;nh &Ocirc;ng gi&agrave; ta c?ng n&oacute;i y nh? th? !. T&ocirc;i n&oacute;i ti?p:&quot;V?y th&igrave; thay ??i h? Po cho r?i b?i v&igrave; nh?ng ng??i l&agrave;m c&aacute;ch m?ng , h? ??i t&ecirc;n h? l&agrave; chuy?n r?t b&igrave;nh th??ng. Dharma, n&iacute;n Kh&ocirc;ng n&oacute;i g&igrave; th&ecirc;m n?a !&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;C&aacute;ch v&agrave;i n?m sau, t&ocirc;i tr? v? qu&ecirc; h??ng g?p nai Nguy&ecirc;n v&agrave; b?n g&aacute;i c?a Dharma Th?ch Th? Th??ng c?ng ?&atilde; g?i &yacute; t&ocirc;i h&atilde;y n&oacute;i v?i Dharma ??i h? , v&igrave; th? khi g?p Dharma ? Hoa Ky t&ocirc;i ?&atilde; c? g?ng n&oacute;i l?i v?i Dharma, nh?ng anh ta v?n c??i nh? v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng th?y tr? l?i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Po Dharma l&agrave;m vi?c r?t c&oacute; h? th?ng! Nh? v?y, anh ta l&agrave;m vi?c v&agrave; l&atilde;nh l??ng t? Ch&aacute;nh ph? Ph&aacute;p, m&agrave; anh ta ?&atilde; vi?t c? 10,000 trang s&aacute;ch v? l?ch s? d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m cho c&aacute;c h?c gi? v&agrave; cho c&aacute;c sinh vi&ecirc;n kh?p n?i tr&ecirc;n th? gi?i tham kh?o v? d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m. Gi? s? n?u nh? kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; Po Dharma th&igrave; ch?ng c&ograve;n ai bi?t ??n d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m ?&atilde; ch&ocirc;n v&ugrave;i b?i l?p b?i m? c?a th?i gian !!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;S&aacute;ch Po Dharma qu&yacute; gi&aacute; h?n c? ti?n b?c, ch&acirc;u b&aacute;u, kh&ocirc;ng ai c&oacute; th? c??p ???c! ??c s&aacute;ch l&agrave; theo d&otilde;i t? t??ng c?a nh?ng v? nh&acirc;n tr&ecirc;n th? gi?i, m?c d?u h? ?&atilde; ch?t m?i ?&acirc;y, ho?c ?&atilde; ch?t h&agrave;ng tr?m h&agrave;ng ng&agrave;n n?m, nh?ng s&aacute;ch c?a h? nh? m?t l?i &ldquo;tr?n tr?i&rdquo; ?? l?i cho ??i t??i ??p m&atilde;i, cho h?n d&acirc;n t?c ch&oacute;ng v??n l&ecirc;n!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;V&agrave; ??c bi?t h?n n?a! Anh ?i t&igrave;m con ???ng cho ch&uacute;ng ta ??n d? h?i ngh? Geneva, t?i Th?y S? t? ch?c h&agrave;ng n?m ?? tranh ??u cho d&acirc;n t?c b?n ??a. N?u ???c ch&iacute;nh quy?n Nh&agrave; n??c Vi?t Nam ch?p thu?n, hy v?ng d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m s? kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n kham kh?, t? n?m 1832 m&atilde;i cho ??n h&ocirc;m nay!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ng??i ta th??ng n&oacute;i c&aacute;i g&igrave; cho ?i l&agrave; h&atilde;y c&ograve;n b&ecirc;n m&igrave;nh. L&uacute;c tu?i xu&acirc;n th?i anh ?&atilde; g&oacute;p c&ocirc;ng , g&oacute;p s?c, g&oacute;p c? t?m l&ograve;ng c?a anh cho d&acirc;n t?c anh. T?t c? h&atilde;y c&ograve;n ?&oacute; cho ??n b&acirc;y gi? v&agrave; m&atilde;i m&atilde;i&hellip;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Pgs.Ts. Po Dharma Qu?ng V?n ?? ?&atilde; v?nh vi?n ra ?i m?t m&igrave;nh m?t b&oacute;ng, m?t &aacute;nh ?&egrave;n ?&atilde; t?t gi?a ?&ecirc;m khuya c?a cu?c ??i v? con anh m&agrave; c&ograve;n cho c?ng ??ng Cham.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;S? ra ?i c?a anh kh&ocirc;ng nh?ng l&agrave; m?t s? m?t m&aacute;t ??i v?i n?n v?n h?c Ch?m n&oacute;i ri&ecirc;ng, m&agrave; c&ograve;n l&agrave; m?t s? thi?t th&ograve;i cho c? d&acirc;n t?c Ch?m n&oacute;i chu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 0px; display: inline; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ng??i ?i ?&atilde; kh&ocirc;ng l?i gi&atilde; bi?t,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;?? ta ??n ?au ni?m ti?c th??ng!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T&igrave;nh x?a, gi? ?&acirc;y ?&agrave;nh qu&ecirc;n l&atilde;ng ,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Xin g?i theo gi&oacute; chi?u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ng??i x?a,khu?t sau d&ograve;ng n??c b?t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ti?n ng??i tr?m n?m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Y&ecirc;u m?t d&ograve;ng, ngh?a trang thanh nh&agrave;n.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ng&agrave;n ??i V?nh bi?t Po Dharma Qu?ng v?n ?? .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 0px; display: inline; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 0px; display: inline; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 0px; display: inline; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ngu?n: facebook&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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			<guid>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2496/nhá»š-po-dharma-â€“-quáº¢ng-vä‚n-äá»¦/</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 19 Feb 2020 17:19:56 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator>kevin cham</dc:creator>
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			<title>Truyá»‡n ma ChÄƒm: Táº¥m váº£i lá»‹m mÃ u Ä‘en ( khanh kafan juk)</title>
			<link>https://www.nguoicham.com/blog/2495/truyá»‡n-ma-chäƒm-táº¥m-váº£i-lá»‹m-mã u-ä‘en-khanh-kafan-juk/</link>
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&lt;p style=&quot;margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nik Mansour Nik Halim&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Trong m?i ch&uacute;ng ta, ch?c ai c?ng ?&atilde; t?ng nh&igrave;n th?y ng??i ch?t. V?i ng??i Islam, thi th? tr??c khi mang ?i ch&ocirc;n s? ???c t?m r?a s?ch s? v&agrave; sau ?&oacute; s? ???c b?c l?i b?ng m?t t?m v?i l?m m&agrave;u tr?ng g?i l&agrave; kafan. T?m v?i s? ???c c?t l?i ? ??nh ??u, nhi?u ph?n ? th&acirc;n v&agrave; ch&acirc;n. Kh&ocirc;ng &iacute;t ng??i Islam ?&atilde; t? nh&igrave;n th?y c&aacute;ch th?c qu?n v?i l?m cho thi th? ( ikak kafan) , th? n&ecirc;n h&igrave;nh ?nh thi th? ???c b?c b?i t?m v?i tr?ng r?i ???c mang ?i ch&ocirc;n l&agrave; h?t s?c g?n g?i v?i ng??i Islam n&oacute;i chung v&agrave; ng??i Ch?m Islam n&oacute;i ri&ecirc;ng.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;S? d? tr??c khi v&agrave;o c&acirc;u chuy?n t&ocirc;i ph?i gi?i th&iacute;ch ?&ocirc;i ch&uacute;t v? c&aacute;ch th?c t?m l?m ng??i ch?t trong Islam v&igrave; n&oacute; c&oacute; li&ecirc;n h? v?i c&acirc;u chuy?n m&agrave; t&ocirc;i s?p k? sau ?&acirc;y. C&acirc;u chuy?n n&agrave;y x?y ra ? m?t l&agrave;ng Ch?m s&aacute;t c?nh s&ocirc;ng H?u v&agrave;o nh?ng n?m sau gi?i ph&oacute;ng . Trong ng&ocirc;i l&agrave;ng ?&oacute; c&oacute; m?t gia ?&igrave;nh ng??i Ch?m n? r?t ngh&egrave;o. Trong gia ?&igrave;nh th&igrave; ng??i cha ?&atilde; m?t s?m, ng??i m? th&igrave; b?t t?t, ?m ?au. D??ng nh? lao ??ng ch&iacute;nh ?? ki?m c&aacute;i ?n cho c? nh&agrave; g?m ng??i m? v&agrave; hai ??a e nh? m?t trai, m?t g&aacute;i l&agrave; ng??i anh c? t?m c? 18 tu?i. H?ng ng&agrave;y, anh c&ugrave;ng chi?c xu?ng nh? c? k? gi?ng l??i ki?m c&aacute; tr&ecirc;n s&ocirc;ng H?u. H&ocirc;m n&agrave;o c&oacute; c&aacute; to th&igrave; anh mang ?i b&aacute;n ??i g?o, c&ograve;n c&aacute; nh?, c&aacute; d?t th&igrave; anh mang v? cho m? kho hay n?u canh c&ugrave;ng rau d?i, ??t chu?i&hellip; cho c? nh&agrave; ?n. H&ocirc;m n&agrave;o ch? c&oacute; c&aacute; nh? th&igrave; anh ch? c&oacute; th? mang v? cho m? n?u canh c&ugrave;ng th&acirc;n chu?i, c? m&igrave; ?? c? nh&agrave; ?n thay c?m. Cu?c s?ng ?&oacute;i kh? b?a ?&oacute;i, b?a no l&agrave; th? nh?ng nghi?t ng&atilde; thay, th?i ?&oacute; l&agrave; th?i bao c?p m&agrave; v&ugrave;ng s&ocirc;ng H?u Ch&acirc;u ??c th&igrave; h?i tr??c gi?i ph&oacute;ng v?n l&agrave; n?i ??u ?&aacute;, b?n gi?t, ph&acirc;n chia quy?n l?c, l&atilde;nh ??a gi?a c&aacute;c th? l?c nh? Vi?t C?ng, Vi?t Nam C?ng H&ograve;a r?i Ph?t gi&aacute;o H&agrave;o H?o&hellip; s? giao tranh hay b?n ph&aacute; du k&iacute;ch l?n nhau x?y ra nh? c?m b?a. C&oacute; h&ocirc;m ??n ph&aacute;o n? t? ph&iacute;a b&ecirc;n kia Th? X&atilde; Ch&acirc;u ??c sang ph&iacute;a b&ecirc;n ?&acirc;y s&ocirc;ng H?u khi?n c? con s&ocirc;ng n? ?m tr?i th? n&ecirc;n bom ??n ch?a n? c&ograve;n l?i d??i ?&aacute;y s&ocirc;ng hay c?nh b? s&ocirc;ng l&agrave; r?t nhi?u. Nhi?u ng??i kh&ocirc;ng may ?&atilde; tr&uacute;ng ph?i bom n? tan x&aacute;c. Nh?ng ng??i ki?m ?n tr&ecirc;n s&ocirc;ng H?u d?a v&agrave;o con c&aacute;, con t&eacute;p nh? gia ?&igrave;nh anh c?ng ?&atilde; tr? th&agrave;nh m?t ngh? nguy hi?m, ?&aacute;nh li?u t&iacute;nh m?ng ?? ki?m c&aacute;i ?n. Hi?u ???c ?i?u ?&oacute; n&ecirc;n m?i khi ng??i con xu&ocirc;i ghe ?i ki?m c&aacute; th&igrave; ng??i m? ? nh&agrave; r?t lo, ch? mong sao ??a con m&igrave;nh v? th?t s?m.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Th?i bao c?p kh&oacute; kh?n, kh&ocirc;ng ch? ri&ecirc;ng nh&agrave; anh m&agrave; ?&acirc;u ?&acirc;u c?ng ?&oacute;i kh?, s&ocirc;ng H?u c&aacute; t&ocirc;m r?t khan hi?m do chi?n tranh bom ??n tr??c ?&oacute; t&ocirc;m c&aacute; c?ng ch?t h?t. ? l&agrave;ng c&oacute; nhi?u ng??i ch&egrave;o xu?ng l?n ra ph&iacute;a b&ecirc;n kia bi&ecirc;n gi?i Campuchia ?? ch&agrave;y c&aacute; v&agrave; ch&agrave;y ???c r?t nhi?u c&aacute; to. Nh?ng kh? n?i, l&uacute;c n&agrave;y Campuchia ?ang ???c cai qu?n b?i l?c l??ng Khmer ??. B?n n&agrave;y r?t t&agrave;n &aacute;c, trong n??c ch&uacute;ng ?ang ti?n h&agrave;nh c?i c&aacute;ch v&agrave; th?c thi ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch di?t ch?ng. Song h&agrave;nh ?&oacute; ch&uacute;ng c?ng t?n c&ocirc;ng v&agrave; di?t ch?ng ng??i Vi?t t?i Ba Ch&uacute;c ( An giang), T&acirc;y Ninh c?ng nh? ??o Ph&uacute; Qu?c, ??o Th? Ch&acirc;u&hellip;. C&ograve;n ? v&ugrave;ng Ch&acirc;u ??c, tuy g?n s&aacute;t bi&ecirc;n gi?i v?i Campuchia, t? Trung T&acirc;m Th? X&atilde; c&oacute; th? ?i b? ?? qua ph&iacute;a b&ecirc;n kia bi&ecirc;n gi?i nh?ng Khmer ?? kh&ocirc;ng ?&aacute;nh v&agrave;o ch?c c&oacute; l? n?i ?&acirc;y ?&atilde; t? xa x?a v?n l&agrave; th&agrave;nh tr&igrave;, n?i t?p trung m?t l?c l??ng v? trang m?nh c&oacute; kh? n?ng ph&ograve;ng th? cao. V&igrave; th? n&ecirc;n qu&acirc;n Khmer ?? ch? ?&oacute;ng v&agrave; canh ph&ograve;ng ? ph&iacute;a b&ecirc;n kia bi&ecirc;n gi?i, t?c ph?n ??t c?a n&oacute;. Ph?n n&agrave;y l&agrave; ph?n ??t qu&acirc;n s? n&ecirc;n ao h?, s&ocirc;ng su?i&hellip; c&aacute; r?t nhi?u do kh&ocirc;ng ai b?t.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Nh?ng ng??i Ch?m trong l&agrave;ng th??ng t? ch?c ?i th&agrave;nh nh&oacute;m nh? ?? l&eacute;n v&agrave;o ph?n ??t c?a ch&uacute;ng ch&agrave;y c&aacute; mang v?. Nhi?u ng??i ?&atilde; ?i v&agrave; mang v? r?t nhi?u c&aacute; n&ecirc;n anh th?y v?y c?ng mu?n ???c ?i m?t l?n. T?i h&ocirc;m ?&oacute;, ng??i l&agrave;ng quy?t ??nh t? h?p ?? ch&egrave;o ghe qua ?&oacute; ch&agrave;y c&aacute;. Anh c?ng chu?n b? s?ng v&agrave; m??n ch&agrave;y h&agrave;ng x&oacute;m ?? ch&egrave;o ghe ?i c&ugrave;ng. Ng??i m? kh&ocirc;ng mu?n cho anh ?i v&igrave; s? con m&igrave;nh g?p nguy hi?m. Nh?ng anh c? tr?n an m? v&agrave; n&agrave;i n? ?? xin ?i cu?i c&ugrave;ng ng??i m? c?ng mi?n c??ng cho con m&igrave;nh theo ?o&agrave;n ch&agrave;y c&aacute;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;L?n ?&oacute; c? nh&oacute;m ch&agrave;y ???c r?t nhi?u c&aacute;, do t&iacute;nh tham c?a m?t s? ng??i n&ecirc;n m?t v&agrave;i ng??i trong nh&oacute;m ?&atilde; ch&egrave;o h?i s&acirc;u v&agrave;o con s&ocirc;ng ?? ch&agrave;y th&ecirc;m c&aacute;. &Acirc;m thanh c?a ti?ng ch&agrave;y m?i l?n th? xu?ng v&agrave; k&eacute;o l&ecirc;n v&ocirc; t&igrave;nh t?o s? ch&uacute; &yacute; cho m?t v&agrave;i l&iacute;nh Khmer ?? ?i tu?n. Ch&uacute;ng ch&uacute; &yacute; v&agrave; th?y nh&oacute;m ng??i ?ang ch&agrave;y c&aacute; trong khu ??t c?a ch&uacute;ng. Ch&uacute;ng kh&ocirc;ng v?i ?u?i b?t hay b?n v?i m&agrave; cho nh&oacute;m ch&agrave;y ??n khi c? nh&oacute;m t? h?p nhau ?? ch&egrave;o v?. Trong kho?n th?i gian ?&oacute; ch&uacute;ng c?ng ra &aacute;m hi?u t?p h?p th&ecirc;m nhi?u t&ecirc;n b?n t?a ?? bao v&acirc;y. Khi th?y nh&oacute;m ch&agrave;y c&aacute; c&oacute; d?u hi?u ch&egrave;o ghe ra kh?i khu bi&ecirc;n gi?i th&igrave; ch&uacute;ng b?t ??u x? s&uacute;ng. T?t c? m?i ng??i b?t ??u h?t ho?ng b? c? c&aacute; v&agrave; ch&agrave;y v&agrave; c? th? h&igrave; h?c ch&egrave;o th?t nhanh ?? tho&aacute;t kh?i khu v?c ?&oacute;. M?t v&agrave;i ng??i ?&atilde; b? b?n tr&uacute;ng, b? th??ng m&aacute;u me lai l&aacute;ng. Nh?ng v&igrave; l&agrave; d&acirc;n s&ocirc;ng n??c, s?ng tr&ecirc;n ghe thuy?n t? nh? n&ecirc;n h? ch&egrave;o v&agrave; tho&aacute;t th&acirc;n r?t nhanh.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ra kh?i khu bi&ecirc;n gi?i, m?i ng??i d?ng l?i ? gi?a s&ocirc;ng h?u g?n ng&atilde; ba Ch&acirc;u ??c r?i ki?m k&ecirc; xem ai b? th??ng ra sao, n?ng nh? th? n&agrave;o. C&oacute; hai ng??i b? tr&uacute;ng ??n, m?t ng??i b? b?n ngay vai v&agrave; ng??i kia b? tr&uacute;ng ? ch&acirc;n khi ??ng l&ecirc;n c? ch&egrave;o th?t nhanh. Ri&ecirc;ng anh 18 tu?i kia b? ph&aacute;t hi?n ?&atilde; ch?t do kh&ocirc;ng may anh b? tr&uacute;ng m?t ph&aacute;t ??n ngay ??u. Thi th? c?a anh ???c ??a v? nh&agrave; v?i s? ti?c th??ng c?a t?t c? nh?ng ng??i trong nh&oacute;m.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Gia ?&igrave;nh anh v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng ?au th??ng khi nh?n thi th? c?a anh. S&aacute;ng h&ocirc;m sau, m?i ng??i trong l&agrave;ng t?t b?t ??n c&ugrave;ng lo h?u s? cho anh. Tr??c khi mang ?i ch&ocirc;n, thi th? anh ph?i ???c qu?n trong t?m v?i l?m m&agrave;u tr?ng nh?ng gia ?&igrave;nh anh l?i kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute;. Trong th?i bao c?p, ki?m m?t t?m v?i ?? may ?? l&agrave; r?t kh&oacute; v?i l?i do nh&agrave; anh ngh&egrave;o n&ecirc;n vi?c ??t mua v?i t? S&agrave;i G&ograve;n l&agrave; vi?c kh&ocirc;ng th?. Do anh b? ch?t b?i tr&uacute;ng ??n n&ecirc;n ph?i ch&ocirc;n c&agrave;ng s?m c&agrave;ng t?t. L&uacute;c n&agrave;y gia ?&igrave;nh anh ch? c&oacute; m?t t?m v?i to m&agrave;u ?en n&ecirc;n ?&agrave;nh ph?i d&ugrave;ng t?m v?i n&agrave;y ?? l?m thi th? c?a anh.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Vi?c h?u s? c?a anh do m?i ng??i trong l&agrave;ng ??u chung tay gi&uacute;p ?? n&ecirc;n xong xu&ocirc;i r?t nhanh. Gia ?&igrave;nh anh nh?t l&agrave; ng??i m? d&ugrave; th??ng con, kh&oacute;c h?t n??c m?t nh?ng c?ng ph?i tr? v? nh&agrave; ?? lo cho hai ??a em c?a anh. Bi?t ???c c&aacute;i ch?t c?a con m&igrave;nh l&agrave; ch?t x?u n&ecirc;n ng??i m? r?t k?, b&agrave; r?a th?t s?ch c&aacute;c vi?t m&aacute;u trong nh&agrave; v&agrave; qu?n &aacute;o c?a anh m?c khi m?t b&agrave; c?ng mang ?i ch&ocirc;n s?ch s? trong ng&agrave;y h&ocirc;m ?&oacute;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;V&agrave;o t?i h&ocirc;m ?&oacute;, l&uacute;c gi?a ?&ecirc;m, trong nh&agrave;, b&agrave; v&agrave; c&aacute;c con nghe r?t r&otilde; ti?ng g&otilde; c?a. Ti?ng g&otilde; c?a nghe kh&ocirc;ng ph?i &acirc;m thanh t? ng&oacute;n tay ??p v&agrave;o c?a &ldquo;c&oacute;c &hellip;c&oacute;c&rdquo; m&agrave; l&agrave; &acirc;m thanh d??ng nh? t? tr&aacute;n ng??i ??p v&agrave;o c?a. B&agrave; ngh? c&oacute; l? do ???c l?m trong t?m v?i v&agrave; ?&atilde; ???c c?t tay v&agrave; ch&acirc;n l?i n&ecirc;n ng??i ?&atilde; ch?t kh&ocirc;ng th? d&ugrave;ng tay g&otilde; c?a m&agrave; ph?i d&ugrave;ng ??u. B&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng s? nh?ng hai ??a con nh? r?t s?, ch&uacute;ng chui r&uacute;t trong ch?n v&agrave; &ocirc;m ch?m l?y b&agrave; ? m?t g&oacute;c gi??ng. Gi?a ?&ecirc;m khuya thanh v?ng c?a m?t ng&ocirc;i l&agrave;ng ngh&egrave;o, ngo&agrave;i ti?ng c&uacute; m&egrave;o gh&ecirc; r?n nay l?i c&ograve;n c&oacute; ti?ng g&otilde; &ldquo;b?ch b?ch&rdquo; ngo&agrave;i c?a khi?n kh&ocirc;ng kh&iacute; c&agrave;ng th&ecirc;m c?ng th?ng v&agrave; ma m?. B&agrave; c? nghe d??ng nh? trong ti?ng g&otilde; c?a c&oacute; ti?ng r&ecirc;n the th&eacute; h&ograve;a l?n v&agrave;o ?&oacute;. B&agrave; &ocirc;m l?y hai ??a con v&agrave; ra hi?u cho ch&uacute;ng ng?i th?t y&ecirc;n l?ng ?? b&agrave; nghe cho r&otilde; ti?ng r&ecirc;n ?&oacute;. Khi b&agrave; c? nghe r&otilde; th&igrave; ti?ng r&ecirc;n hi?n l&ecirc;n m?n m?t:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;- Patih&hellip;.patih&hellip; ( m&agrave;u tr?ng&hellip;m&agrave;u tr?ng&hellip;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Gi?ng r&ecirc;n &acirc;m tr&igrave; ??n n?i khi?n b&agrave; c?ng d?ng t&oacute;c g&aacute;i. B&agrave; v&agrave; c&aacute;c con c? th? m&agrave; &ocirc;m nhau r?i ng? thi?p ?i. ??n s&aacute;ng h&ocirc;m sau b&agrave; m? c?a th?y tr??c c?a l&agrave; nh?ng v?n ??t, b&agrave; ?i theo v?n ??t ?&oacute; th&igrave; n&oacute; d?n ??n n?i v?n l&agrave; m? ph?n m? c?a con b&agrave; v?a ch&ocirc;n h&ocirc;m qua. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, ng&ocirc;i m? v?n v?y v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; d?u hi?u g&igrave; l&agrave; b? ?&agrave;o l&ecirc;n hay nh?ng d?u hi?u c&aacute;i x&aacute;c ph&iacute;a d??i ?&atilde; t?ng ??i m? v&agrave; ?i ra ngo&agrave;i. Ch? l&agrave; l? ? ch?, ??t c&aacute;t t? ng&ocirc;i m? r&atilde;i ?i?u t? ch? n&agrave;y ??n t?n c?a nh&agrave; b&agrave;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;R?i b??c t? khu ngh?a trang c?a l&agrave;ng b&agrave; ?i th?ng ??n m?t gia ?&igrave;nh chuy&ecirc;n d?t v?i. B&agrave; ??n ?&oacute; h?i vay m?t t?m v?i tr?ng. Khi b&agrave; ??n ??t v?n ?? th&igrave; gia ?&igrave;nh ng??i ta hi?u ngay v&agrave; r?t mu?n ???c gi&uacute;p b&agrave; tuy r?ng b&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng k? m?t ch&uacute;t g&igrave; v? s? ki?n t&acirc;m linh t?i h&ocirc;m qua cho nh&agrave; ng??i d?t v?i nghe. Nh&agrave; di?t v?i b?o b&agrave; ph?i ch? d?t v&igrave; t? khi bao c?p ??n nay nh&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n d?t s?ng ?? b&aacute;n nh? tr??c m&agrave; ch? ho?t ??ng c?m ch?ng ai ??n ??t th&igrave; m?i d?t do kh&ocirc;ng ki?m ???c s?i b&ocirc;ng, s?i t? d? d&agrave;ng nh? tr??c n?a. H? h?n b&agrave; ng&agrave;y mai s? c&oacute; v&agrave; h&ocirc;m nay h? s? g?p r&uacute;t d?t cho b&agrave;. B&agrave; t? th&aacute;i ?? th?t t&acirc;m bi?t ?n gia ?&igrave;nh n&agrave;y r?i t? bi?t ra v?.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;T?i h&ocirc;m ?&oacute; c? nh&agrave; v?n kh&ocirc;ng th? n&agrave;o ng? ???c, tuy nhi&ecirc;n ?&atilde; v&agrave;o gi?a ?&ecirc;m nh?ng l?i kh&ocirc;ng nghe ti?ng g&otilde; c?a nh? ?&ecirc;m h&ocirc;m tr??c. Kho?ng kh&ocirc;ng gian t?i om c?a khu x&oacute;m ngh&egrave;o ch? c&oacute; ti?ng gi&oacute; r&iacute;t qua nh?ng ng?n tre, ti?ng c&uacute; m&egrave;o v&agrave; ti?ng h&uacute; xa xa c?a nh?ng ch&uacute; ch&oacute; v?ng v?ng t? khu l&agrave;ng ng??i Kinh ph&iacute;a b&ecirc;n kia. B?ng ??a con g&aacute;i &uacute;t bu?n ti?u v&agrave; g?i m? d?t ra nh&agrave; sau ?? ?i v? sinh. B&agrave; m? c&ugrave;ng ??a con trai gi?a d?n b&eacute; &uacute;t ra m? c?a nh&agrave; sau ?? ?i v? sinh ( nh&agrave; ng&agrave;y x?a kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; toilet m&agrave; ch? l&agrave; n?i m&agrave; ph&iacute;a d??i c&oacute; ?&agrave;o h? nh? ?? ?i ti?u). Khi m? c?a m?i ng??i d??ng nh? c?m th?y c&oacute; m?t lu?ng gi&oacute; &acirc;m th?i t?t v&agrave;o nh&agrave; l&agrave;m d?y gai &oacute;c. ?i v? sinh xong m?i ng??i v&agrave;o nh&agrave; r?i ?&oacute;ng c?a l?i. Khi b??c v&agrave;o nh&agrave;, ??a b&eacute; h&eacute;t to&aacute;ng l&ecirc;n. B&agrave; nh&igrave;n v? ph&iacute;a n?i m&agrave; h&ocirc;m tr??c d&ugrave;ng l&agrave;m n?i ??t ?? thi th? v&agrave; ng??i l&agrave;ng ??n ?? qu?n kh?n l?m cho thi th? th&igrave; gi? n&agrave;y ?&acirc;y nguy&ecirc;n m?t c&aacute;i x&aacute;c ng??i v?i t?m v?i l?m m&agrave;u ?en qu?n th&acirc;n ?ang n?m m?t ??ng ? ??y, gi?ng nh? l&uacute;c tr??c khi ???c ??a ?i ch&ocirc;n v?y. Ng??i m? l&uacute;c n&agrave;y c?ng r?i n&ecirc;n v?i &ocirc;m hai ??a con v&agrave; ng?i lu&ocirc;n t?i ch?. V?a ng?i ng??i m? v?a n&oacute;i m?t m&igrave;nh v? s? ti?c th??ng ??a con trai ?&atilde; m?t c?ng nh? v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng ?au x&oacute;t khi ph?i l?m ??a con c&ugrave;ng t?m v?i ?en v&agrave; b&agrave; c?ng cho bi?t l&agrave; ?&atilde; ?i ??t d?t t?m v?i tr?ng, ng&agrave;y mai khi d?t xong th&igrave; s? mang thay cho anh. N&oacute;i ??n ?&acirc;y th&igrave; m?i h&igrave;nh ?nh tr??c ?&oacute; c? nh&agrave; nh&igrave;n th?y ?&atilde; bi?n m?t, ng&ocirc;i nh&agrave; tr? l?i b&igrave;nh th??ng nh? l&uacute;c ??u.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 0px; display: inline; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;S&aacute;ng h&ocirc;m sau, ng??i m? ??n l?y t?m v?i tr?ng v?a d?t xong v&agrave; c?ng nh? ng??i l&agrave;ng c?i t&aacute;ng l?i, thay t?m v?i l?m m&agrave;u ?en kia b?ng t?m v?i tr?ng v?a m?i d?t cho anh. M?i vi?c xong xu&ocirc;i v&agrave; t? ?&oacute; v? sau kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n c&oacute; nh?ng s? xu?t hi?n c?a nh?ng hi?n t??ng t&acirc;m linh k&igrave; b&iacute; ?&oacute; n?a.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 0px; display: inline; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 0px; display: inline; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 0px; display: inline; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, &#039;.SFNSText-Regular&#039;, sans-serif; color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ngu?n: Facebook&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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